S
Return to Glossary.
-
SA
- See Security
Association.
-
SABM
- See set
asynchronous balanced mode.
-
SABME
- See set asynchronous balanced mode extended.
-
sample line
- In RLU, a record that
represents data and gives a user's report prototype a more realistic appearance
but for which the user does not create data description specifications (DDS).
-
SAN
- (1) See storage
area network.
- (2) See system area network.
-
SAP
- (1) See service
access point.
- (2) See Service Advertising
Protocol.
-
SAP selector
- An external identifier
for a service access point.
-
saturation
- The amounts of color and
gray in a hue that affect its vividness; that is, a hue with high saturation
contains more color and less gray than a hue with low saturation.
-
save
- To copy specific objects, libraries,
or data by transferring them from main storage or auxiliary storage to media
such as optical disc, tape, diskette, or a save file. See also restore.
-
save file
- (1) In Backup Recovery and
Media Services, an online file allocated on direct access storage for use
as interim or short-term storage before off-loading to removable media or
permanently deleting.
- (2) A file allocated in auxiliary storage that
can be used to store saved data on disk (without requiring diskettes or tapes),
to do I/O operations from a high-level language program, or to receive objects
sent through the network. The system-recognized identifier for the object
type is *FILE.
-
save/restore media
- The diskette or
the tape that the user uses to save and restore the files, folders, or libraries.
-
save storage
- An operation that copies
(sector by sector) all permanent data from configured disk units to tape.
-
save system authority
- A special authority
that allows the user to save and restore all objects on the system and free
storage of all objects on the system.
-
save-while-active operation
- An operation
that the user runs to save objects while application programs that change
the objects are running. See also dedicated save operation.
-
SAVSYS tape
- A tape that is generated
by the SAVSYS command, on which system data is recorded and saved.
-
SBCS
- See single-byte
character set.
-
SBCS data
- In DB2® UDB for iSeries™, data that is associated with a single-byte character set.
-
scalable
- Pertaining to a server's
ability to increase its capacity to distribute information or data as demand
heightens.
-
scalar
- (1) A type of program object that
contains either string or numeric data. It provides the byte string it is
mapped to with representation and operational characteristics. See also pointer.
- (2) Pertaining to a single data item.
-
scalar function
- An SQL function that
optionally accepts arguments and that returns a single scalar value each time
that it is invoked. A scalar function can be referenced in an SQL statement
wherever an expression is valid. See also aggregate
function, table function.
-
scale
- (1) In the GDDM® function, the
number and progression of ticks along a vertical or horizontal axis.
- (2) In the GDDM function, to enlarge an image or marker.
- (3) The number
of digits in the fractional part of a number.
-
scale factor
- A number that indicates
the position of the decimal point in a real number.
-
scale line
- In Query, a line at the
top of a report that shows column positions.
-
scaling
- A process by which an image
is reduced or enlarged in size to fit a given area on the display.
-
scan line
- (1) In a laser printer, one
horizontal sweep of the laser beam across the photoconductor.
- (2) A single row of picture elements (pels or pixels) that are typically arranged
horizontally and are scanned sequentially.
-
scanner
- A device that examines text,
graphics, or bar code patterns and generates electrical signals corresponding
to the pattern. It sends the signals to a computing device for processing.
-
scatter plot
- A variety of line chart
in which only the marked points, and not their joining lines, are drawn.
-
SCB
- See string
control byte.
-
scheduled job
- (1) A batch job that is
submitted with a value other than *CURRENT for the schedule date and schedule
time parameters.
- (2) A batch job that becomes eligible to run at a
specified date and time.
-
scheduling parameter
- Information
that describes the prioritization characteristics of a thread.
-
scheduling policy
- Information that
describes the algorithm that will be used to prioritize threads that are running
within the current process or operating system.
-
schema
- A collection of database objects
such as tables, views, indexes, or triggers that define a database. A database
schema provides a logical classification of database objects.
-
scope
- (1) A specification of the boundary
within which system resources can be used.
- (2) In the C language,
the range within a program in which a declaration is known.
- (3) Information
that is used to describe whether the scheduling policy indicates that threads
compete directly with other threads within the process or within the system.
- (4) The extent to which the semantic effects of language statements
reach. The scope may be to the job or to the activation group.
- (5) The level to which a commitment control definition applies.
-
scope of control
- See network management domain.
-
SCPF
- See start-control-program-function
job.
-
SCPF job
- See start-control-program-function job.
-
screen
- The physical surface of a
display device upon which information is shown to a user.
-
screen design aid (SDA)
- A function
of an application development program that helps the user design, create,
and maintain displays and menus.
-
screen edit mode
- In AFP™ Utilities, the
mode that allows a user to design and edit an overlay.
-
screen view
- In AFP Utilities, the
presentation of a display shown while a user is in screen edit mode.
-
scriptlet
- A mechanism for adding
scripting language fragments to a source file.
-
scroll
- To move a display image vertically
or horizontally to view data that is not otherwise visible in a display screen
or window.
-
scrollable cursor
- A cursor that is
declared with the SCROLL keyword.
-
scroll bar
- A part of a window that
shows a user that more information is available in a particular direction
and can be moved into view by using a pointing device or the page keys.
-
SCSI
- See Small
Computer System Interface.
-
SDA
- See screen
design aid.
-
sdb
- See symbolic
debugger.
-
SDDM
- See source
distributed data manager.
-
SDLC
- See Synchronous
Data Link Control.
-
SDT
- See start
data traffic.
-
SDU
- See service
data unit.
-
search argument
- (1) In RPG, data for
which you want to find a match or a greater than or less than quantity in
a table or array. The search argument is specified in the lookup statement.
- (2) In RPG, a literal or field name specified in factor 1 of certain
file operations (such as CHAIN) that identifies the record to be processed.
-
search condition
- A criterion for
selecting rows from a table. A search condition consists of one or more predicates.
-
search handle
- For iSeries Access, a
number returned by the system to an application program when the application
program requests a search. The search handle is used by the application program
to request subsequent searches.
-
search index
- An index of related
topics that can be searched or browsed. The system-recognized identifier for
the object type is *SCHIDX.
-
search index database
- The database
files used by document library services for storing descriptive information
about documents and folders (such as keywords, subjects, dates, and so forth).
These database files are used when a search of the document library is requested
on one or more document descriptors.
-
search path
- In the Application Development
Manager feature of the Application Development ToolSet licensed program, the
order that groups are to be searched when the product looks for parts in a
project hierarchy.
-
search value
- User-defined information
that is used either to make a list of filed documents with similar document
details or content, or to find a directory entry.
-
seat
- To fit correctly into position.
-
secondary axis
- In the GDDM function, a
horizontal or vertical axis drawn parallel to the primary axis and capable
of having a title, ticks, and labels different from those of the primary axis.
See also primary axis.
-
secondary disk pool
- An independent
disk pool that defines a collection of directories and libraries and must
be associated with a primary disk pool.
-
secondary domain
- The domain that
is defined by the DNS domain database file that a secondary name server has
obtained from a master name server.
-
secondary file
- (1) In RPG, any input
file other than the primary file.
- (2) For certain types of join operations
using Query, all files except the first file that are joined in a query definition
for the purpose of getting data.
- (3) In the DDS for a join logical
file, any physical file, other than the first physical file, that is specified
on the JFILE keyword. See also primary file.
-
secondary language
- One or more additional
national languages that can be installed on the system to display and print
information. See also primary language.
-
secondary link
- The optical connection
between two remote bus adapter cards.
-
secondary logical unit (SLU)
- In SNA,
the logical unit that contains the secondary half-session for one logical
unit-to-logical unit (LU-to-LU) session. An LU may contain secondary and
primary half-sessions for different active LU-LU sessions. See also primary logical unit.
-
secondary name server
- A name server
that gets its domain data from a primary name server by way of a zone transfer.
-
secondary part
- In the Application
Development Manager feature of the Application Development ToolSet licensed
program, a secondary part is the part created when the information for the
primary part is processed by the Build Part (BLDPART) command.
-
secondary partition
- A logical partition
that has certain dependencies on the primary logical partition, but otherwise
is independent from the primary logical partition. For example, a secondary
logical partition may be powered off and on, dumped, or installed without
affecting other logical partitions.
-
secondary referential constraint
- The constraint that occurs when a unique constraint or a primary key constraint
is added to file that is a parent file in a defined referential constraint
relationship. The referential constraint is regarded as secondary processing
because the primary request is for the processing of the unique constraint
or the primary key constraint.
-
secondary system name
- An alternative
system name that can be used to identify a system in a SNADS network. See
also primary system name.
-
secondary system name table
- In SNADS,
the table containing all the system names that can be used to identify the
local system for distributions arriving on the system.
-
secondary thread
- Any thread that
is started by, or on behalf of, the application that is not the initial thread.
See also initial thread.
-
secondary window
- A window that obtains
or displays supplemental information that is often related to the objects
that appear in a primary window. Dialog boxes and message boxes are secondary
windows.
-
section
- In COBOL, a set of zero,
one, or more paragraphs or entries preceded by a section header. Each section
consists of a section header and the related section body.
-
sector
- (1) In disk storage, an addressable
subdivision of a track used to record one block of a program or data.
- (2) The smallest amount of information that can be written to or read from
a disk or diskette during a single read or write operation.
-
secure
- To control who can use and
to what extent an object can be used by controlling the authority given to
the user.
-
Secure Electronic Transaction (SET)
- An industry standard for secure credit card and debit card payments over open
networks such as the Internet. The SET protocol ensures confidentiality of
information, integrity of all transmitted data, authentication of the cardholder
and the merchant, and interoperability.
-
Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA)
- An encryption
method in which data is encrypted in a way that is mathematically impossible
to reverse. Different data can possibly produce the same hash value, but there
is no way to use the hash value to determine the original data.
-
secure network
- A set of nodes that
are controlled by a single administrative party. See also nonsecure network.
-
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)
- A security
protocol that provides communication privacy. With SSL, client/server applications
can communicate in a way that is designed to prevent eavesdropping, tampering,
and message forgery.
-
security administrator authority
- A special authority that allows a user to add users to the system distribution
directory, to create and change user profiles, to add and remove access codes,
and to perform office tasks, such as delete documents, folders, and document
lists, and change distribution lists for other users.
-
Security Association (SA)
- A contract
between a local key server and a remote key server. This contract protects
data exchanges.
-
security DST capability
- A dedicated
service tools (DST) capability used by a service representative or an experienced
system user that provides access to all DST functions.
-
security officer
- A person assigned
to control all of the security authorizations provided with the system. A
security officer can, for example, remove password or resource security or
add, change, or remove security information about any system user.
-
security policy
- A written document
that defines the security controls that you institute for your computer systems.
A security policy describes the risks that you intend these controls to minimize
and the actions that should be taken if someone breaches your security controls.
-
Security Policy Index (SPI)
- A value
that the local systems and remote systems use to identify a particular Security
Association (SA).
-
security-relevant
- Pertaining to anything
that occurs on the system that affects, either positively or negatively, the
safety and integrity of the system's processes and data.
-
seed
- A value that adds randomness
to the creation of pseudorandom numbers.
-
seek
- To position the read/write head
of a disk unit or a diskette unit.
-
segment
- (1) One or more contiguous elements
of a string.
- (2) For TCP/IP, the unit of end-to-end transmission in
the TCP. A segment consists of control information and data fields. A segment
is transmitted as an IP datagram.
-
segmenting
- In OSI, a function performed
by an (N)-entity to map one (N)-service-data-unit into multiple (N)-protocol-data-units.(I)
Segmenting is the opposite of reassembly. See also reassembly.
-
segment-number
- In COBOL, a user-defined
word that classifies sections in the Procedure Division for purposes of segmentation.
Segment numbers can contain only the characters 0 through 9. A segment-number
can be expressed either as a 1- or 2-digit number.
-
seion
- A Japanese syllable.
-
select
- To highlight a choice so that
a subsequent action will use that choice. Selecting does not initiate the
action.
-
select function
- A system function
that determines which records from a physical file are to be included in a
logical file. See also omit function.
-
selection border
- The visual border
that appears around a control, allowing that control to be moved with the
mouse or keyboard.
-
selection character
- A character used
to select a choice in a selection list or a selection field.
-
selection entry
- In System Manager,
an entry that assigns each alert processed by the filter to a group. In this
way, many alerts can be grouped into manageable categories.
-
selection field
- A panel element that
contains a fixed number of choices in which the user cannot page up or page
down.
-
selection list
- In SAA® Advanced Common User Access® architecture, a set of choices that a user can scroll
through to make a selection.
-
selective prompting
- A function of
the operating system that allows the user to tailor command prompts at a parameter
level. See also conditional prompting.
-
select/omit field
- A field in a logical
file record format whose value is tested by the system to determine if records
including that field are to be used. The test is a comparison with a constant,
the contents of another field, a range of values, or a list of values; and
the record is either selected or omitted as a result of the test.
-
select/omit level specifications
- Data description specifications coded on the lines following the last key-field
specification. These specifications are permitted only in a logical file.
-
self-check digit
- The far right digit
of a self-check field.
-
self-check field
- A field, such as
an account number, consisting of a base number and a self-check digit. For
data entry applications, the operator-entered self-check number is compared
with the self-check number calculated by the system.
-
self-referencing row
- A row that is
a parent of itself.
-
self-referencing table
- A table that
is both a parent and a dependent table in the same referential constraint.
-
self test
- A test that runs automatically
after a device is turned on.
-
semantics
- The relationships of characters
or groups of characters to their meanings, independent of the manner of their
interpretation and use. Semantics is the meaning conveyed by a character string.
See also syntax.
-
semaphore
- A mechanism that is used
to synchronize one or more jobs.
-
semaphore adjustment value
- A value
associated with a semaphore and applied to the semaphore's value if a process
ends while holding resources represented by the semaphore.
-
semaphore set
- An interprocess communications
mechanism that contains one or more semaphores.
-
semicolon
- In REXX, a token that indicates
the end of a clause and is implied by the REXX/400 interpreter in three cases:
by the end of a line, by certain keywords, and by a colon if it follows a
single symbol.
-
send depth
- In SNADS, the number of
items that must be on the distribution queue before any item is sent to the
next system.
-
sending cross-domain key
- In Cryptographic
Support, a cross-domain key used to encrypt a data-encrypting key before it
is sent to another location.
-
send time
- In SNADS, the values that
specify the time that distributions are sent to other locations in a network.
The from and to times inclusively specify the range during which distributions
can be sent; the force time specifies the time at which distributions are
sent regardless of the number of items in the queue.
-
sense data
- In SNA, data sent with
a negative response, indicating the reason for the response.
-
sensor
- A device that converts measurable
elements of a physical process into data that is meaningful to a computer.
-
sentence
- In COBOL, a sequence of
one or more statements, the last of which is stopped by a separator period.
-
separator
- In COBOL, a punctuation
character used to set apart character-strings.
-
sequence
- To arrange in order.
-
sequence checking
- In RPG, a function
that checks the sequence of records in input, update, or combined files used
as primary and secondary files.
-
Sequenced Packet Exchange protocol (SPX)
- A session-oriented network protocol that provides connection-oriented
services between two nodes on the network, and is used primarily by client/server
applications. It relies on the Internet Packet Exchange (IPX) protocol, provides
flow control and error recovery, and guarantees reliability of the physical
network.
-
sequence errors
- In Performance Tools,
the number of frames received by the terminal equipment (TE) that contained
sequence numbers indicating that frames were lost.
-
sequence number
- (1) The number of a record
that identifies the record within the source member.
- (2) A field in
a journal entry that contains a number assigned by the system. This number
is initially 1 and is increased until the journal is changed or the sequence
number is reset by the user.
-
sequence page
- A page in the settings
of a composite project that allows the user to specify the order in which
projects are built.
-
sequential access
- A mode of accessing
data on a medium in a manner that requires the storage device to access consecutive
storage locations on the medium.
-
sequential-by-key processing
- A method
of processing indexed files in which records are read or written in the order
of the key field in the record.
-
sequential data set
- A data set whose
records are organized on the basis of their successive physical positions,
such as on magnetic tape. See also partitioned data
set.
-
sequential organization
- In COBOL,
the permanent logical file structure in which a record is identified by a
predecessor-successor relationship that is established when the record is
placed into the file.
-
sequential processing
- A method of
processing in which records are read, written to, or deleted in the order
determined by the value of the key field. See also consecutive processing, random processing.
-
sequential-within-limits processing
- A method of processing indexed files in which limits are specified for the
beginning and ending values of the key field for the records to be read or
written.
-
serial device
- A device that uses
serial data as opposed to parallel data.
-
serial line
- A transmission medium
commonly used for point-to-point link connections. Often, a serial line consists
of an RS-232 connection into a modem over a telephone line.
-
Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)
- An Internet protocol that connects a computer to the Internet using a serial
line.
-
serial port
- A connector on a serial
device to which cables for other devices are attached.
-
serial search
- In COBOL, a search
in which the records of a set of records are consecutively examined, beginning
with the first record and ending with the last record.
-
server
- (1) In TCP/IP, a system in a network
that handles the requests of a system at another site (may be part of the
same network) called a client.
- (2) In a network, hardware or software
that provides facilities to other stations. For example, a file server, a
printer server, or a mail server. The station making the request of the server
is usually called the client. See also host, client.
-
server firmware
- The code that resides
in system flash memory, and includes a number of subcomponents, including POWER™ Hypervisor™, power control, service processor, and logical partition firmware
that is loaded into either AIX® or Linux® logical partitions.
-
server instance
- A logical server
that consists of a set of server jobs and configuration objects. Each server
instance listens on either a unique IP address or a unique port with the same
IP address. A server instance is created, configured, deleted, or controlled
from the administration server. The configuration of each server instance
is determined by the name of an associated configuration file, instance parameters,
and values that are specified on the Configuration and Administration Forms
and on the Global Attribute Values page.
-
Server Message Block
- A protocol that
manages requests and responses in a client/server environment to allow for
the sharing of files, directories, and devices to clients on a network.
-
service
- (1) In the Kerberos protocol,
a software server that has been assigned a principal name and is registered
with the key distribution center (KDC).
- (2) A TCP/IP port number.
- (3) In network architecture, a capability of a given layer and the
layers below it that is provided to the layer above. The service of a given
layer is provided at the boundary between this layer and the next higher layer.
(T)
-
service access point (SAP)
- (1) A logical
address that allows a system to route data between a remote device and the
appropriate communications support.
- (2) In Open Systems Interconnection
(OSI) architecture, the point at which the services of a layer are provided
by an entity of that layer to an entity of the next higher layer.
-
service action log
- A utility that
displays entries requiring action by a service representative.
-
Service Advertising Protocol (SAP)
- A protocol that allows service providing nodes, such as file server and print
server, to advertise their services so that clients can access the services.
SAP also provides for responding to a user for a given type of service. This
information is delivered through the use of the Internetwork Packet Exchange
(IPX) protocol. A SAP packet contains sets of service entry information.
-
service alias
- A named set of protocol,
source ports, and destination ports that is used to help define filters in
Internet Protocol (IP) packet security.
-
service authority
- A special authority
that allows the user to perform the alter function in the service functions.
-
service data unit (SDU)
- In OSI, a
unit of data transferred between a layer and the next higher layer.
-
service element
- In OSI, a unit of
standardization specifying a complete group of functions.
-
service functions
- Specific capabilities
within service tools that are typically used for problem determination and
problem solving, often with the assistance of IBM® support. Examples of service functions
include Licensed Internal Code trace, Licensed Internal Code log, and the
display, alter, dump function.
-
service level
- One of the four levels
of service (fast, status, data high, or data low) that determines if a distribution
is put on the normal or priority distribution queue.
-
service level agreement (SLA)
- A contract
between a customer and a service provider that specifies the expectations
for the level of service with respect to availability, performance, and other
measurable objectives.
-
service level specification
- A set
of parameters and their values that defines the service offered to a traffic
stream by a differentiated services domain.
-
service library
- The system library
provided in the system that is used temporarily for loading IBM-supplied programming
changes and creating APARs. Named QSRV.
-
Service Location Protocol (SLP)
- An Internet protocol that identifies and uses network hosts without having
to designate a specific network host name.
-
service pack
- A collection of code
fixes for an IBM licensed program that contains PC code. The fixes are contained in
a single, orderable program temporary fix (PTF).
-
service primitive
- In the OSI reference
model, the smallest defined interaction between service users and service
providers in adjacent layers. This interaction is a service provided by the
lower layer to the higher layer.(I)
-
service processor
- The logic that
contains the processor function to start the system processor and handle error
conditions.
-
service program
- A bound program that
performs utility functions that can be called by other bound programs.
-
service provider
- (1) In the OSI reference
model, a layer that provides services to the next higher layer.
- (2) In System Manager, the system used to provide problem-handling support to
another system or systems connected to it by communications lines. The service
provider can also be the alert focal point in a network. See also service requester.
-
service representative basic user profile
- A system-supplied user profile, named QSRVBAS, that provides limited
authority for a service representative to use dedicated service tools (DST)
and system service tools (SST). See also service representative
user profile.
-
service representative user profile
- A system-supplied user profile, named QSRV, that provides all the authority
required by a service representative to use the dedicated service tools (DST)
and system service tools (SST). See also service representative
basic user profile.
-
service requester
- In System Manager,
the system with a program or equipment problem that requires and asks for
problem-handling support from another system in a network. See also service provider.
-
service ticket
- (1) In DCE Security, a
ticket that grants access to a specified service other than the ticket-granting
service.
- (2) A ticket that authenticates a service to other systems
and services on the network.
- (3) In the Kerberos protocol, a ticket
that is sent by an application to a specific software server. A service ticket
is used by the software server to authenticate the identity of the principal
who is represented by the ticket.
-
service tools
- Functions that are
used to configure, manage, and service important operational aspects of the
server, such as to configure logical partitions, manage disk units, and troubleshoot
problems. Service tools are accessed through dedicated service tools (DST),
system service tools (SST), and other service-related CL commands.
-
service tools device ID
- An ID that
is used with LAN console to control access to the system.
-
service tools server
- A server that
allows you to use your PC to perform service tools functions through TCP/IP.
-
service tools user ID
- A user ID that
is required to access DST, SST, iSeries Navigator (for logical partitions and
disk unit management), and Operations Console. Service tools user IDs are
created through DST or SST and are separate from i5/OS™ user profiles.
-
service user
- In the OSI reference
model, a layer that uses the services of the next lower layer.(I)
-
servlet
- A Java™ program that runs on a Web server
and extends the server's functionality by generating dynamic content in response
to Web client requests. Servlets are commonly used to connect databases to
the Web.
-
servo
- See servomechanism.
-
servomechanism (servo)
- (1) A feedback
control system in which at least one of the signals represents mechanical
motion.
- (2) An automatic device that uses feedback to govern the physical
position of a part.
-
session
- (1) The period of time during
which programs or devices can communicate with each other. In remote communications,
a period of communication with a remote system or host system.
- (2) In RJE, the activity of all tasks within a single iSeries server communicating
with a single host system.
- (3) A logical or virtual connection between
two stations, programs, or devices on a network that allows the two elements
to communicate and exchange data, or the activities that occur during the
establishment, maintenance, and release of the connection. A session can
be activated and deactivated as requested. See also transaction.
-
session connection
- In OSI, a connection
between two nodes that enables them to communicate at the session layer.
-
session default
- A session assumed
by the system for temporary use.
-
session description
- An object that
contains a description of the operating characteristics of an RJE session.
The system-recognized identifier for the object type is *SSND.
-
session files library
- The files library
that will be in use when the current System/36™ environment job ends.
-
session functional unit
- In OSI, logical
groupings of related services provided by the Session Layer, such as activity
management, capability data exchange, and negotiated release. Most session
functional units are optional. The peer application entities negotiate whether
or not the optional functions will be used when the session connection is
established.
-
session key
- (1) In Cryptographic Support,
a data-encrypting key used to encrypt data before it is sent to another location.
- (2) In the Kerberos protocol and in DCE Security, a short-lived encryption
key provided by the Authentication Service to two principals for the purpose
of ensuring secure communications between them.
-
session layer
- In OSI, the layer that
provides the services that organize and synchronize communications between
functional units in different open systems located in the presentation layer.
-
session-layer protocol data unit (SPDU)
- In OSI, a protocol data unit in the session layer.(I)
-
session-layer service access point (SSAP)
- In OSI, a service access point in the session layer.
-
session-layer service data unit (SSDU)
- In OSI, a unit of data transferred between the presentation layer and
the session layer.
-
session profile
- In iSeries Access, a
file that describes the characteristics of a PC5250 session.
-
session version
- In OSI, pertaining
to the two versions of the session-layer services and protocols standard.
Session version 2 can handle the transmission of larger units of data than
session version 1.
-
SET
- See Secure
Electronic Transaction.
-
set asynchronous balanced mode (SABM)
- In communications, a data link control command used to establish a data
link connection with the destination in asynchronous balanced mode.
-
set asynchronous balanced mode extended (SABME)
- In communications, a data link control command used to initiate
data transfer in the extended asynchronous balanced mode of operation with
a remote link station. The SABME command uses modulus 128 sequence numbers.
-
set normal response mode (SNRM)
- A data link control command that puts the link connection in normal response
mode (NRM).
-
set services
- In OSI, callable services
that supply optional information to the subsystem. See also action service, extract service.
-
setting
- A value of an attribute that
determines how an object looks and functions.
-
settings view
- A view of an object
that provides a way to display the attributes associated with the object.
For example, using the settings view, the user can change the areas that display
in a window, such as the title or columns.
-
SEU
- See source
entry utility.
-
severity code
- A number that indicates
how serious an error condition is. The higher the number, the more serious
the condition.
-
SGML
- See Standard
Generalized Markup Language.
-
SH
- See application
shell.
-
SHA
- See Secure
Hash Algorithm.
-
shadow
- (1) To duplicate Enterprise Address
Book (EAB) data from one system to another and to send EAB changes, additions,
and deletions to other systems.
- (2) A duplication of the Enterprise
Address Book (EAB) data on another system.
-
shadowing
- The capability of a system
to copy data from one system to another system and keep it up to date whenever
it is changed on any system that shadows the information in the network.
-
shadow log
- A log of errors that occur
from the time that an initial program load starts to the time storage management
recovery ends. The log contains the latest occurring errors, and may contain
errors not found in the error log.
-
shaping
- In QoS, the process of delaying
packets within a traffic stream so that the traffic conforms to a user-defined
profile.
-
shared access path
- An access path
used by more than one file member to get data common to both members.
-
shared drive
- A network server storage
spaces that is linked as shared using the Add Server Storage Link (ADDNWSSTGL
ACCESS(*SHRUPD)) parameters once a quorum resource drive has been created
and linked to a node. Drives which are shared appear to Windows® as
though they were on a common shared storage bus and can be controlled as separate
resources by the Cluster service. These drives can be failed over to another
node in the cluster.
-
shared file
- A file whose open data
path can be shared between two or more programs processing in the same job.
See also open data path.
-
shared-for-read lock state
- The lock
state for a file in which the file can be shared with another program if the
program does not request exclusive use of the file. The predefined value for
this lock state is *SHRRD.
-
shared-for-update lock state
- The
lock state for a file in which the file can be shared either for update or
for read operations with another program. The predefined value for this lock
state is *SHRUPD.
-
shared lock
- A lock that limits concurrently
executing application processes to read-only operations on database data.
See also exclusive lock, gross lock.
-
shared memory
- An interprocess communications
service that provides shared memory segments.
-
shared memory segment
- An interprocess
communications mechanism that allows a process to directly read data from,
write data to, and share data with other processes without having the data
manipulated by the operating system.
-
shared-no-update lock state
- The lock
state for a file in which the file can be shared with another program if the
program requests either a shared-no-update lock state or a shared-for-read
lock state. The predefined value for this lock state is *SHRNUP.
-
shared port
- A communication port
on a single input/output processor using short-hold mode on a single SDLC
line description.
-
shared processor pool
- A group of
physical processors that provide processing capacity that can be shared among
multiple logical partitions. Processing capacity from the shared processor
pool can be assigned to each of the logical partitions in partial processor
increments. The sum of the assigned processing capacity across all logical
partitions in the shared processor pool cannot exceed the total processing
capacity of the shared processor pool.
-
shared record format
- A record format
that is used in more than one externally described file.
-
shared/secret key cryptography
- A
method of cryptography where the same key is used by two communicating parties,
i.e., for both encryption and decryption.
-
shared storage pool
- A storage pool
that can be shared by more than one subsystem. See also private storage pool.
-
shared-weight sort sequence
- A sort
sequence in which some graphic characters in the sequence may have the same
weight as some other characters in the sequence. Those with the same weight
will sort together as if they were the same character.
-
share lock
- In DB2 UDB for iSeries, a lock that limits application processes that are running concurrently
to read-only operations on row data.
-
shear
- The angle of slant of a character
cell that is not perpendicular to a baseline.
-
shell
- The CICS® facility that provides an isolated area
for running CICS programs without adversely affecting other users.
-
shift
- A keyboard action to allow
uppercase or other characters to be entered.
-
shift control character
- A shift-in
character or a shift-out character.
-
shift-in character
- A control character
(X'0F') that is used in EBCDIC systems to denote that the subsequent bytes
represent SBCS characters. See also shift-out character.
-
shift-out character
- A control character
(X'0E') that is used in EBCDIC systems to denote that the subsequent bytes,
up to the next shift-in control character, represent DBCS characters. See
also shift-in character.
-
shim
- (1) A part for adjusting gaps, play,
or position in a mechanism.
- (2) A thin, often tapered, piece of material,
such as metal, used to fill in space between things for support, adjustment,
or leveling.
-
SHM
- See short-hold
mode.
-
shortcut key
- See keyboard shortcut.
-
short format
- In binary floating-point
storage formats, the 32-bit representation of a binary floating-point number,
not-a-number, or infinity.
-
short-form identifier
- See coded character set identifier. See also binary
string.
-
short frame
- In Performance Tools,
a frame that has fewer bytes between its start flag and end flag than is permitted
by the data control protocol of the integrated services digital network (ISDN).
-
short frame errors
- In Performance
Tools, the total number of short frames received by the terminal equipment
(TE).
-
short-hold mode (SHM)
- A mode specified
during configuration that allows the DTE to connect or reconnect when no data
is being transmitted over a circuit-switched line, while maintaining the logical
connection of the sessions across the circuit.
-
short interface
- In query management,
the set of language-specific interfaces that allow commands to run that do
not require access to program variables. The short interface includes the
communications area, command length, and command string.
-
short menu
- A menu that has been shortened
to display a subset of the complete set of its values. Some short menus are
created automatically by the application on the basis of the functions used
most frequently by the user. Others can be customized directly by the user.
-
short notebook
- A choice that reduces
the number of choices that appear in a notebook.
-
short string
- A fixed-length string
or a variable-length string whose maximum length is less than or equal to
254 bytes.
-
SHUTC
- In SNA, a command used to complete
a session.
-
shutdown
- The process of ending operation
of a system or a subsystem, following a defined procedure.
-
side information
- In OSI, system-defined
values that are used as the initial values of certain parameters. In OSI Communications
Subsystem, side information is a combination of (a) information in the OSI
Communications Subsystem information base, and (b) information provided by
directory service.
-
SIGL
- A REXX special variable that
contains the line number of the last instruction that caused a jump to a label.
-
signal
- A mechanism by which a process
may be notified of, or affected by, an event occurring in the system. Examples
of such events include hardware exceptions and specific actions by processes.
The term signal is also used to refer to the event itself. X/Open. ISO.1.
-
signal cable
- An electrical wire or
set of wires, such as twinaxial, coaxial, or twisted pair cables to attach
devices to a computer.
-
signaled error
- In OSI, an error detected
but not recovered by the network layer. The error is signaled to the transport
layer for action. For example, the network connection is lost and reset to
a known state, possibly with loss of data, but the connection remains available
for use. See also residual error.
-
signal handler
- In POSIX, a function
that is registered by the application programmer to be called by the system
either synchronously or asynchronously when a signal is delivered to a thread.
-
signaling protocol
- A signal, such
as resource reservation setup protocol (RSVP), that carries an admission control
request to a network. The signal requests bandwidth resource according to
an application's request. To get quality of service from a network, systems
need to use signaling protocols.
-
signal safe
- A function, macro, or
operating system service that can be called from within a signal handler.
-
signature
- (1) A value that identifies
the interfaces supported by a service program. Signatures are based on the
exports and the sequence of the exports allowed from a service program.
- (2) The collection of types associated with a method (the type of the return
value, if any, as well as the number, order, and type of each of the method's
arguments).
-
signature bank
- A collection of signatures.
The signature emitter gets new signatures from the signature bank.
-
sign condition
- In COBOL, a condition
that states that the value of a data item is less than, equal to, or greater
than zero.
-
significand
- In binary floating-point
format, the part of a number that contains the whole number and fraction.
-
significant digit
- Any number of a
series of numbers that follows the farthest left number, that is not a zero,
and that is within the accuracy allowed.
-
signon
- The procedure by which the
user starts working at a workstation.
-
SIMM
- See single
inline memory module.
-
simple condition
- In COBOL, one of
the conditions chosen from the following set of conditions: relational condition,
class condition, condition-name condition, switch-status condition, sign condition.
See also complex condition.
-
simple list
- A list of like values;
for example, a list of user names. See also mixed list.
-
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
- An
Internet application protocol for transferring mail among users of the Internet.
SMTP specifies the mail exchange sequences and message format. It assumes
that the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is the underlying protocol.
-
simple name
- In the CDS Cell Directory
Service (CDS), one element in a CDS full name. Simple names are separated
by slashes in a full name.
-
Simple Network Management Protocol
- A network management protocol that is used to monitor routers and attached
networks. SNMP is an application layer protocol. Information on devices managed
is defined and stored in the application's Management Information Base (MIB).
-
simple repetitive loop
- In REXX, a
repetitive DO loop in which the repetitive phrase is an expression that evaluates
to a count of iterations.
-
simple symbol
- In REXX, a symbol that
does not contain any periods and does not start with a digit (0-9).
-
simplex
- Pertaining to printing on
only one side of the paper. See also tumble.
-
Simplified Chinese
- The Chinese character
set that has been simplified by reducing the number of strokes in common characters
and deleting complicated variants. Simplified Chinese characters are used
primarily in the People's Republic of China.
-
Simplified Chinese double-byte character set
- An IBM-defined double-byte character set for Simplified Chinese.
It consists of Simplified Chinese non-Chinese set, primary set, secondary
set, and up to 1,880 user-definable characters.
-
Simplified Chinese non-Chinese character set
- A subset of the Simplified Chinese DBCS, consisting of non-Chinese
characters, such as Latin alphabet, Greek, Russian, Roman numeric, alphanumeric
and related symbols, Katakana, Hiragana, Japanese, special symbols, and Chinese
phonetic symbols. There are 712 characters in this set.
-
Simplified Chinese primary character set
- A subset of the Simplified Chinese DBCS, consisting of commonly used
Chinese characters. There are 3,755 characters in this set.
-
Simplified Chinese secondary character set
- A subset of the Simplified Chinese DBCS, consisting of less commonly
used Chinese characters. There are 3,008 characters in this set.
-
sine
- A trigonometric function of
mathematics.
-
single bus connection
- The connection
that links a single bus to the optical link card. One connector is not used.
-
single-byte character set (SBCS)
- A coded character set in which each character is represented by a one-byte
code. A one-byte code point allows representation of up to 256 characters.
An example is the Latin alphabet #1. See also double-byte
character set, multibyte character set.
-
single-byte coded font (single-byte font)
- A font in which the characters are defined by a 1-byte code point. A
single-byte coded font has only one coded font section.
-
single-byte font
- See single-byte coded font.
-
single-choice selection field
- A field
that contains a fixed number of choices arranged in a list in which only one
selection can be made.
-
single-choice selection list
- A field
that contains a potentially scrollable list of choices in which only one selection
can be made.
-
single inline memory module (SIMM)
- In computer hardware, a small circuit card that carries a number of surface-mounted
memory chips in a space-saving configuration with the connector pins protruding
in a single line from the edge of the card. Varying numbers of SIMMs can be
plugged easily into slots in a memory board to expand random access memory.
See also dual inline memory module.
-
single-phase commit
- A method in which
a program can commit updates to a commitment resource without coordinating
those updates with updates the program has made to resources controlled by
another resource manager. See also two-phase commit.
-
single port sharing
- An arrangement
for short-hold mode operation in which each port is shared by a set of DTEs,
with the restriction that all reconnection calls (recalls) must use the same
port as the first call for that logical connection.
-
single precision
- The specification
that causes the floating-point value to be stored (internally) in the short
format. See also double precision.
-
single-process installation
- The process
of installing licensed programs one at a time.
-
single-selection field
- In iSeries Access, a
list from which a user can select only one item.
-
single set
- A single CD-ROM that contains
one licensed program or a separately orderable feature for the server and
its secondary languages.
-
single-thread test
- In CICS, a test of
a single application or transaction running by itself. See also multithread test.
-
SIT
- See system
initialization table.
-
site
- In cross-site mirroring, a location
containing a node or nodes with access to either the production copy or mirror
copy. The sites can be in close proximity or geographically dispersed.
-
site primary node
- In cross-site mirroring,
a node that owns the independent disk pool, either the production copy or
mirror copy, at a particular site. The production-site primary node is also
the primary node for the cluster resource group. The mirror-site primary node
is a backup node in a cluster resource group.
-
sizing border
- In VisualAge® RPG, the
border or frame around a control or set of controls that allows resizing of
the control by selection with the mouse or the keyboard.
-
skew
- (1) The time difference between
two clocks or clock values.
- (2) The position of being slanted or tilted;
oblique.
-
SLA
- See service
level agreement.
-
slice label
- In the GDDM function, the
alphanumeric label that a user can assign to each slice on a pie chart.
-
slide
- Hardware attached to a device
that moves the device in and out of the rack in a drawer-like action. See
also rail.
-
slider
- A graphical representation
of a quantity and its relationship to the range of possible values for that
quantity. A user can change the value of the quantity by using the slider.
-
SLIP
- See Serial
Line Internet Protocol.
-
SLP
- See Service
Location Protocol.
-
SLU
- See secondary
logical unit.
-
SMAE
- See systems
management application entity.
-
Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)
- A standard hardware interface that enables a variety of peripheral devices
to communicate with one another. See also target.
-
small integer
- In DB2 UDB for iSeries, a data type indicating that the data is a binary number with a precision
of 15 bits.
-
SMAPP
- See system-managed access-path protection.
-
smoothness of curve
- In the GDDM function, the
connection of the plotted points in a data group by a continuous curve. On
the System/370™ system GDDM function, called curve fitting.
-
SMS
- See Software
Management Services.
-
SNA
- See Systems
Network Architecture.
-
SNA 3270 API
- See SNA 3270 program interface.
-
SNA 3270 device emulation
- A function
of the operating system that allows a system to appear to the host system
as a 3274 Control Unit.
-
SNA 3270 program interface
- A function
that allows an application program to communicate with a System/370, 30xx,
or 43xx VTAM® program by sending and receiving 3270 data streams.
-
SNA backbone
- In an SNA network, the
set of all interconnected nodes that consist of 37xx products running the
Network Control Program.
-
SNA character string
- In SNA, a number
uniquely identifying a system services control point. The SSCP ID is used
in requests sent to physical units and to other system services control points.
-
SNA distribution services
- See Systems Network Architecture distribution services.
-
SNADS
- See Systems Network Architecture distribution services.
-
SNADS receiver
- A user-configured
(using the ADDCMNE command) batch job that is started in the subsystem specified
on the communications entry when the system receives SNADS distribution from
a sending system in the SNADS network. See also SNADS
sender.
-
SNADS router
- A system-provided batch
job that runs in the QSNADS subsystem and routes distributions to the configured
distribution queue.
-
SNADS sender
- A user-configured (by
using the CFGDSTSRV command to add the SNADS distribution queue) batch job
that is started in the QSNADS subsystem, and sends distributions to another
system in the SNADS network. See also SNADS receiver.
-
SNA/File Services
- See Systems Network Architecture File Services.
-
SNA/FS
- See Systems Network Architecture File Services.
-
SNA/Management Services Transport
- See Systems Network Architecture Management Services
Transport.
-
SNA/MS Transport
- See Systems Network Architecture Management Services Transport.
-
SNA network
- The part of the user
application network that conforms to the formats and protocols of Systems
Network Architecture (SNA). It enables reliable transfer of data among users
and provides protocols for controlling the resources of various network configurations.
The SNA network consists of network addressable units (NAUs), gateway function,
intermediate session routing function components, and the transport network.
-
SNA pass-through
- The i5/OS software processes
through which SNA data is passed from source secondary applications or devices
to target primary applications. SNA pass-through supports LU session types
0 through 3.
-
snap-in
- A registered user exit program
that is defined to be called from mail server framework user exit points.
The mail server framework user exit points are referred to as ports by the
mail server framework. Systems will snap-in the programs that are needed to
operate.
-
snap-in provided information (SPIN)
- An area where snap-in user exit points programs can store information that
other snap-ins can use. SPIN provides a place where information relating to
a specific recipient can be stored and used by snap-ins in the same user exit
point or in different user exit points. The information that is stored in
snap-in provided information is completely user defined and interpreted data.
-
SNA Primary LU2 Support (SPLS)
- The i5/OS communications support that allows 3270-type displays and 3287-type
printers to communicate with iSeries systems through an SNA network.
-
SNA remote job entry (RJE)
- See remote job entry.
-
SNA report code
- In SNA, a registered
code identifying the condition that is being reported.
-
SNA upline facility (SNUF)
- The communications
support that allows the iSeries system to communicate with CICS/VS
and IMS/VS application programs on a host system. For example, DHCF communicates
with HCF and DSNX communicates with the NetView® Distribution Manager program.
-
SNBU
- See switched
network backup.
-
sniffing
- The practice of monitoring
or eavesdropping on electronic transmissions. Information that is sent across
the Internet might pass through many routers before it reaches its destination.
Any of those routers can sniff the transmission and attempt to interpret the
information. Passwords or other confidential information that is sent in unencrypted
form might be discovered.
-
SNMP agent
- A server process that
resides on a network node and is responsible for communicating with managers
regarding that node. The node is represented as a managed object, which has
various fields or variables that are defined in the appropriate MIB.
-
SNMP manager
- A managing system that
runs a managing application or suite of applications. These applications depend
on Management Information Base (MIB) objects for information that resides
on the managed system. Managers generate requests for this MIB information,
and an SNMP agent on the managed system responds to these requests. A request
can either be the retrieval or modification of MIB information.
-
SNRM
- See set
normal response mode.
-
SNUF
- See SNA
upline facility.
-
socket
- (1) In TCP/IP, the internet address
of the host computer on which the application runs, and the port number it
uses. A TCP/IP application is identified by its socket.
- (2) A method
of communication between two processes. A socket is an identifier that the
application uses to uniquely identify an end point of communications. The
user associates a protocol address with the socket by associating a socket
address with the socket.
-
socket address
- A data structure that
uniquely identifies a specific communications end point. It also specifies
the protocol family. For example, a TCP/IP socket address consists of a port
number and a host address.
-
socket API
- See socket application programming interface.
-
socket application programming interface (socket
API)
- An industry standard API that provides application programs
with a connection-oriented or a connectionless transfer of data over multiple
protocols.
-
Sockets Secure (SOCKS)
- (1) A client/server
architecture that transports TCP/IP traffic through a secure gateway. A SOCKS
server performs many of the same services that a proxy server does.
- (2) A mechanism by which a secure proxy data channel can be established
between two computers.
-
sockets server
- See SOCKS server.
-
SOCKS
- See Sockets Secure.
-
SOCKS server
- A proxy server that
provides a secure one-way connection through a firewall to server applications
in a nonsecure network. The server applications in the secure network must
be compatible with the socket interface.
-
softcopy
- One or more files that can
be electronically distributed, manipulated, and printed by a user.
-
software license key
- An authorization
that regulates the use of software licensed programs. Software license keys
need to be installed on the system when software is upgraded or moved, the
hardware processor group is changed, additional license usage is added, or
new software that requires license keys is purchased.
-
Software Management Services (SMS)
- A set of offerings that provide the user with a consistent distribution, installation,
and service strategy for both IBM licensed programs and System Manager-packaged
programs.
-
SOH
- See start-of-header
character.
-
SOH character
- See start-of-header character.
-
sort file
- In COBOL, the temporary
file that contains all the records to be sorted by a SORT statement. The sort
file is created and used only by the sort function.
-
sort-merge file description entry
- In COBOL, an entry in the File Section of the Data Division that is composed
of the level indicator SD, followed by a filename, and then followed by a
set of file clauses as required.
-
sort sequence
- The order in which
characters are arranged within the computer to sort, combine, or compare data.
A binary sort uses the internal representation of a character to sort characters
in a sequence. When you use binary representation to sort characters, your
resulting data may not be in the order that you expect.
-
sort sequence table
- A table containing
the order in which characters are arranged within the computer for sorting,
combining, or comparing.
-
sort utility
- A function of the operating
system used to arrange records in a sequence determined by data contained
in one or more fields in the record.
-
source
- In VisualAge RPG, a
part that can notify target parts whenever the state of the source part changes.
A source part can have multiple targets.
-
source address
- The location from
which information is to be sent. See also destination
address.
-
source data queue program
- In iSeries Access, a series of PC programs that allow end users or user-written
programs to manipulate data using data queues.
-
source debugger
- A tool for debugging
Integrated Language Environment® (ILE) programs by displaying
a representation of their source code. See also symbolic
debugger.
-
source directory
- In VisualAge RPG, the
directory in which all source files for the VRPG application are stored.
-
source distributed data manager (SDDM)
- In a distributed data management network, programming support that translates
local data management requests for remote files or SQL requests for a remote
database into a DDM request, establishes communications to the remote system
where the data file or database is located, and sends the request to the remote
(target) system for processing. See also target distributed
data manager.
-
source entry utility (SEU)
- A function
of the Application Development ToolSet licensed program that is used to create
and change source members.
-
source file
- A file of programming
code that is not compiled into machine language. A source file can be created
by the specification of FILETYPE(*SRC) on the Create command. A source file
can contain source statements for such items as high-level language programs
and data description specifications. See also data file.
-
source listing
- A portion of a compiler
listing that contains source statements and, optionally, test results.
-
source member
- A member of a database
source file that contains source statements, such as ILEC, COBOL, RPG, or
DDS statements.
-
source overlay
- In AFP Utilities, a
file member that contains the definition of an overlay.
-
source physical file
- In i5/OS, a file that
contains members and that stores text or source statements instead of data.
-
source program
- (1) In communications,
the program that starts a session with a remote system. See also target program.
- (2) A set of instructions that are written in
a programming language and must be translated to machine language before the
program can be run.
- (3) In DB2 UDB for iSeries, the source in an i5/OS source file
member used to create an SQL program.
-
source release
- During software upgrades,
the version, release, and modification level of the installed product before
a new level of the product is installed. See also target
release.
-
source server
- A server that is being
upgraded with new hardware or software or whose data is being migrated.
-
source service access point (SSAP)
- In SNA and TCP/IP, a logical address that allows a system to send data to
a remote device from the appropriate communications support. See also destination service access point.
-
source statement
- A statement written
in the symbols of a programming language. For example, COBOL, RPG, and DDS
statements are source statements.
-
source system
- (1) The system that currently
owns the production copy of an independent disk pool in a cross-site mirroring
(XSM) environment. Changes to the production copy of an independent disk pool
are replicated to all mirror copies of the independent disk pool that exist
on backup nodes within the recovery domain.
- (2) In distributed data
management (DDM), a system containing an application program that requests
access to data in another system.
- (3) The system that sends information
in a network of systems that exchange objects and data. See also target system.
- (4) In upgrades, the existing system that is being
upgraded with new hardware or a new level of software.
- (5) In communications,
the system that issues a request to establish communications with another
system.
-
source type
- In the application development
tools, a characteristic of i5/OS members that allows the user to select
a subset of the members available in a CoOperative Development Environment/400
session. Source types include i5/OS members with a particular member type.
-
space
- (1) Any storage area that can be
directly accessed, down to its individual (8-bit) bytes, by a machine interface
user such as a program or procedure.
- (2) A sequence of one or more
blank characters.
-
spacebar
- A control key for the spacing
function.
-
spanned record
- A logical record stored
in more than one block on a storage medium.
-
spawn
- A function that creates a new
process (child process) and which inherits many attributes of the calling
process (parent process). A new program is specified and starts running in
the child process.
-
SPCN
- See system
power control network.
-
SPD
- See system
product division.
-
SPD bus
- An iSeries input/output
bus architecture.
-
SPDU
- See session-layer
protocol data unit.
-
special authority
- The types of authority
a user can have to perform system functions, including all object authority,
save system authority, job control authority, security administrator authority,
spool control authority, service authority, and system configuration authority.
See also specific authority.
-
special character
- (1) In REXX, a token
that acts as a delimiter when found outside a literal string. Special characters
include the comma (,), semicolon (;), colon (:), right parenthesis ()), left
parenthesis ((), and the individual characters from the operators.
- (2) A character other than a digit, a letter, or $, #, @, ., or _. For example,
*, +, and % are special characters.
- (3) In COBOL, a character that
is neither numeric nor alphabetic.
-
special-character keyboard set
- In iSeries Access, an optional keyboard set, used by Western European countries
and the Americas, that contains special characters like the Spanish tilde
or the international currency symbol.
-
special-character word
- In COBOL,
a reserved word that is an arithmetic operator or a relational character.
-
special register
- (1) A storage area whose
primary use is to store information produced in conjunction with the use of
specific SQL functions. The DB2 UDB for iSeries special registers can be (named) USER,
CURRENT SERVER, CURRENT TIMESTAMP, CURRENT TIME, CURRENT DATE, and CURRENT
TIMEZONE.
- (2) In COBOL, compiler-created data items used to store
information produced by specific COBOL features (for example, the DEBUG-ITEM
special register).
-
special variable
- In REXX, a variable
set automatically by the language processor. Special variables are RC, RESULT,
and SIGL.
-
Specification 1170
- A series of system
interfaces, headers, and utilities. Specification 1170 is a superset (with
some changes) of the POSIX 1003.1 and POSIX 1003.2 standards. Specification
1170 is also a superset of XPG4 Base. It includes sockets, the SVID real-time
model for interprocess communications, and miscellaneous interfaces.
-
specification X.21 (X.21)
- In data
communications, a specification of the CCITT that defines the connection of
data terminal equipment to an X.21 (public data) network.
-
specific authority
- The types of authority
a user can be given to use the system resources, including object authorities
and data authorities. See also special authority.
-
specific poll
- One of the locations
on a polling list.
-
specific polling
- In Managed System
Services, a type of polling used by the topology manager when collecting topology
information for a particular system in the network.
-
spell mode
- The method of operation
that uses spell aid and spell check functions to proofread and replace words
in a document.
-
sphere of control
- In SNA, a collection
of network node control points for which another system is acting as a focal
point. This collection includes both control points explicitly defined by
the customer, if the controlling system is a primary focal point, and control
points assumed by the system if the controlling system is a default focal
point.
-
SPI
- See Security
Policy Index.
-
spider label
- In the GDDM function, a
label used to add a comment or a note for a pie-chart slice. Each label is
joined to its associated slice by a line.
-
SPIN
- See snap-in
provided information.
-
spin button
- A type of entry field
that shows a scrollable ring of choices from which a user can select a choice.
After the last choice is displayed, the first choice is displayed again. A
user can also type a choice from the scrollable ring into the entry field
without interacting with the spin button.
-
splitting
- In OSI, the technique of
a single transport connection using multiple network connections so that an
application entity can use more than one line to send data on an association.
Splitting can increase data throughput and resistance to network failure.
It might be used, for example, to send a large file more quickly than if a
single line were used. Splitting is available only with transport layer class
4.
-
SPLS
- See SNA
Primary LU2 Support.
-
spoofing
- The practice of masquerading
as a trusted system to try to obtain confidential information. For example,
when a would-be intruder sets up a client system with an IP address that is
trusted by another system, it is called IP spoofing.
-
spool
- (1) To reduce, through the use
of auxiliary storage as buffer storage, processing delays when transferring
data between peripheral equipment and the processors of a computer.
- (2) The system function of putting files or jobs into disk storage for later
processing or printing.
-
spool control authority
- A special
authority that allows the user to perform spooling functions, such as display,
delete, hold, and release spooled files on the output queue for himself and
other users. This authority also allows the user to change the spooled file
attributes, such as the printer used to print the file.
-
spooled file
- A file that holds output
data waiting to be processed, such as information waiting to be printed.
-
spooling job
- A batch job that is
started by the spooling subsystem.
-
spooling reader
- The general name
to refer to the function of the diskette reader and the database reader.
-
spooling subsystem
- A part of the
system that provides the operating environment for the programs that read
jobs onto job queues to wait for processing and write files from an output
queue to an output device. IBM supplies one spooling subsystem: QSPL.
-
spooling writer
- The general name
to refer to the function of the diskette writer and printer writer.
-
SPX
- See Sequenced
Packet Exchange protocol.
-
SQL
- See Structured
Query Language.
-
SQLAM
- See SQL application manager.
-
SQL application manager (SQLAM)
- A function that represents an application to the remote relational database
manager. The SQL application manager can be present in both an application
requester and an application server.
-
SQLCA
- See SQL communication area.
-
SQL communication area (SQLCA)
- A
set of variables that provides an application program with information about
the execution of its SQL statements or its requests from the database manager.
-
SQLDA
- See SQL descriptor area.
-
SQL descriptor area (SQLDA)
- A set
of variables that is used in the processing of certain SQL statements. The
SQLDA is intended for dynamic SQL programs.
-
SQL query
- In query management, a
type of query that is created by running an IMPORT command against a file
containing an SQL statement.
-
SRC
- See system
reference code.
-
SRCB
- See subrecord
control byte.
-
S reference point
- In Performance
Tools, the interface (including the cable) between the terminal equipment
(TE) and network termination 2 (NT2).
-
SRM
- See system
resources manager.
-
SRM database object
- See system resource management database object.
-
SS
- See start-stop.
-
SSAP
- (1) See source
service access point.
- (2) See session-layer
service access point.
-
SSAP selector
- In OSI, an external
identifier for a service access point at the session layer. The SSAP selector
is part of a presentation address.
-
SSCP
- See system
services control point.
-
SSCP ID
- See system services control point identifier.
-
SSDU
- See session-layer
service data unit.
-
SSL
- See Secure
Sockets Layer.
-
SS, SS transmission
- See asynchronous transmission.
-
SST
- See system
service tools.
-
stale
- In the Application Development
Manager feature of the Application Development ToolSet licensed program, pertaining
to a part whose source and related parts have changed since the part was last
built. See also current.
-
stand-alone dump
- A printout of main
storage requested separately from normal system operations, which does not
require the system to be in a condition for normal operations.
-
stand-alone system
- A system that
runs application programs independently of another system. The exchange of
data files or applications with another system is done manually, through portable
media, such as diskette or tape.
-
standard data format
- In COBOL, the
format in which data is described as it appears when it is printed rather
than how it is stored in the computer.
-
standard error (STDERR)
- An output
file intended to be used for error messages for C programs.
-
Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)
- A standard metalanguage for defining markup languages that is based
on the ISO 8879 standard. SGML focuses on structuring information rather than
presenting information; it separates the structure and content from the presentation.
It also facilitates the interchange of documents across an electronic medium.
-
standard input (STDIN)
- An input file
intended to be used for primary data input into a C program.
-
standard output (STDOUT)
- An output
file intended to be used for primary data output for C programs.
-
standard set
- A group of CD-ROMs that
contains the i5/OS program, no-charge options, and no-charge licensed programs.
-
start-control-program-function job (SCPF job)
- A job used during a portion of the initial program load process
that starts the operating system.
-
start data traffic (SDT)
- In SNA,
a command issued by the primary logical unit, which allows user data to be
sent on the logical unit-to-logical unit (LU-to-LU) session.
-
starter set
- In the OSI Communications
Subsystem licensed program, the subset of the programming interface that can
be used by customer programs that use simplified data communications.
-
start-of-header character (SOH character)
- In binary synchronous communications, the transmission control character
indicating that the information that follows is a header.
-
start-of-text character (STX character)
- In binary synchronous communications, a transmission control character
used to begin a logical set of records that will be ended by the end-of-text
character or end-of-transmission-block character.
-
start-stop (SS)
- Pertaining to asynchronous
communications line control that uses start signals and stop signals to control
the transfer of data over a communications line. Each group of signals representing
a character is preceded by a start signal and followed by a stop signal. See
also asynchronous communication.
-
state
- The attribute of a program
that determines the domain of objects that it can access directly.
-
state change
- (1) In the OSI Communications
Subsystem licensed program, a change in the status of an application entity
or association--for example, an application entity changing from activated
to deactivated.
- (2) In the OSI Communications Subsystem licensed program,
an event that indicates that a resource--such as a line--has had a change
in status. State change events are logged and generate a message to the operator.
-
statement
- An instruction in a program
or procedure.
-
state transition
- The change from
one state to another.
-
static bind
- A process by which SQL
statements are bound after they are precompiled. All static SQL statements
are prepared for execution at the same time. See also dynamic bind.
-
static data
- Data that is stored in
static storage. See also automatic data.
-
static method
- See class method. See also instance method.
-
static NAT
- See static network address translation.
-
static network address translation (static NAT)
- A one-to-one mapping of IP addresses that allows a user to map
an IP address on an internal network to an IP address that is to be made public.
If static NAT is used, traffic can initiate from either side of the connection.
See also network address translation.
-
static procedure call
- A high-level
language (HLL) call statement that specifies the name of an Integrated Language Environment (ILE) procedure to be called. See also procedure pointer call.
-
static program call
- A connection
among programs during binding (program creation time). See also dynamic program call.
-
static route
- A route between hosts,
between networks, or between a host and a network, that is entered into a
routing table.
-
static SQL
- SQL statements that are
embedded within a program, and are prepared during the program preparation
process before the program is executed. After being prepared, a static SQL
statement does not change, although values of host variables specified by
the statement can change. See also dynamic SQL.
-
static storage
- An area that is allocated
by the system when a program is activated. Static storage exists as long as
the program activation exists. If the program has not been deactivated, the
values in the storage persist from one call to another. See also automatic storage, dynamic storage.
-
station address
- A 2-character hexadecimal
value from 01 to FE. For a primary controller, it is called the SDLC station
address; for a secondary controller, it is called the remote system address.
-
station protector
- A device attached
to the system cable to protect work stations attached in different buildings
from lightning.
-
statistical event
- In OSI, an event
counted for a specific purpose. Statistical events are logged but do not generate
a message to the operator.
-
status
- The current condition or state
of a program or device. For example, the status of a printer.
-
status area
- A part of a window that
displays information indicating the state of the current view of an object.
-
status bar
- In iSeries Access, the
part of a window that displays information indicating the current state of
that window's content.
-
status line
- A line at the top of
a display that contains information about a document and current operations,
including an audit window, the document name, and page and line number.
-
STDERR
- See standard error.
-
STDIN
- See standard input.
-
STDOUT
- See standard output.
-
stem
- In REXX, that part of a compound
symbol up to and including the first period. It contains just one period,
which is the last character. It cannot start with a digit or a period. A reference
to a stem can also be used to manipulate all variables sharing that stem.
-
step
- To cause a computer to run one
operation.
-
S/T interface
- In Performance Tools,
the interface at the S and T reference points defined in the reference model
of the integrated services digital network (ISDN). When there is no network
termination 2 (NT2), the S and T reference points become one S/T point.
-
storage area network (SAN)
- A dedicated
storage network tailored to a specific environment, combining servers, storage
products, networking products, software, and services.
-
storage control
- In CICS, a facility
that controls requests for main storage to provide intermediate work areas
not automatically provided by CICS.
-
storage device subsystem
- A part of
the computer consisting of the controller and one or more attached storage
devices.
-
storage location
- In Backup Recovery
and Media Services, a place where media and containers can be stored awaiting
expiration or movement to another location such as off-site storage, vaults,
or long-term (permanent) retention. Backup Recovery and Media Services has
two predefined locations that can be overridden by the user: 1) *HOME, the
system keyword for the on-site library (or home location); and 2) VAULT, a
default storage location that refers to the default off-site storage location.
-
storage management recovery
- A function
that prepares the system to access data from all disk units configured to
the system.
-
storage model
- A creation attribute
for modules, programs, and service programs that describes the type of storage
supplied by the system at run time for automatic, static, and constant storage.
The system-recognized identifiers for storage model are *SNGLVL (single-level
store), *TERASPACE (teraspace), and *INHERIT (inherit). *INHERIT, which is
specified only for modules and service programs, indicates that the object
must be created such that it will run when either single-level store or teraspace
is supplied.
-
storage pool
- A logical division of
storage reserved for processing a job or group of jobs.
-
store
- To place data in a storage
device, so that it is available for retrieval and updating.
-
store and forward
- The temporary storing
of packets, messages, or frames in a data network before they are retransmitted
toward their destination.
-
store controller
- See retail controller.
-
stream
- In the C language, a sequence
of data that is conceptually read and written one character at a time.
-
stream file
- (1) A file that contains
continuous streams of bits such as PC files, documents, and other data stored
in iSeries folders.
- (2) A file containing a continuous stream of
data. Stream files are well suited for storing strings of data such as the
text of a document, images, audio, and video. The content and format of stream
files are managed by the application rather than by the system.
-
streaming
- A method of writing and
reading data on magnetic tape as continuous fields without record boundaries.
-
stream mode
- A method of sending and
receiving data in which records are defined as a stream of data without boundaries.
-
strikeover
- A character entered in
a space currently occupied by another character.
-
string
- (1) A group of auxiliary storage
devices connected in a series on the system. The order and location in which
each device is connected to the system determines the physical address of
the device.
- (2) A sequence of elements of the same nature, such as
characters considered as a whole. For example, character string, binary string,
and hexadecimal string.
-
string concatenation
- In REXX, an
operation that joins two characters or strings in the order specified, forming
one string whose length is equal to the sum of the lengths of the two characters
or strings.
-
string control byte (SCB)
- In MTAM
and RJE, a control character in the SNA character string that identifies how
user data is compressed.
-
string delimiter
- A symbol used to
enclose an SQL string constant. This symbol is the apostrophe (') except in
COBOL application programs, where the symbol (apostrophe or quotation mark)
is assigned by the user.
-
strong export
- An export that allows
only one definition of an external symbol to be used by the binder. The first
definition in the binder search is chosen, and duplicate definitions are discarded.
The binder always chooses a strong export over a weak export for the same
symbol. See also weak export.
-
structure
- A class data type that
contains an ordered group of data objects. Unlike an array, the data objects
within a structure can have varied data types.
-
structure attributes
- In OSI, keywords
and syntax that tell the Abstract Syntax Checker how to build the data structures.
-
structured field
- A self-identifying
string of bytes and its data or parameters.
-
Structured Query Language (SQL)
- A standardized language for defining and manipulating data in a relational
database.
-
structured type
- In OSI, an ASN.1
type defined by reference to one or more other ASN.1 types.
-
stub procedure
- In transport independent
remote procedure call (TI-RPC) programming, a functional subset of procedures
that is needed to implement a client or server protocol.
-
STX
- See start-of-text
character.
-
STX character
- See start-of-text character.
-
subaddress
- An extension of an ISDN
address used to identify individual users, processors, or groups of users
within a large group of users or processors that are identified by a single
network number.
-
subagent
- An extension to an SNMP
agent that permits a user to dynamically add, or in some cases replace, management
variables in the local MIB, thereby providing a means of extending the range
of information that network managers may access.
-
subarea
- A portion of the SNA network
consisting of a subarea node, attached peripheral nodes, and associated resources.
Within a subarea node, all network addressable units (NAUs), links, and adjacent
link stations in attached peripheral or subarea nodes that are addressable
within the subarea share a common subarea address and have distinct element
addresses.
-
subarea node
- In SNA, a type 4 or
type 5 node that uses network addresses for routing and whose routing tables
are, therefore, affected by changes in the configuration of the network. Subarea
nodes can provide boundary function support for peripheral nodes.
-
subclass
- In Java,
a class that is derived from a particular class, either directly or indirectly.
-
subdirectory
- A directory contained
within another directory in a file system hierarchy.
-
subdomain
- A domain that makes up
a part of a larger domain.
-
subfield
- In RPG, the layout of a
field within a data structure.
-
subfile
- In i5/OS, a group of
records of the same record format that can be displayed at the same time at
a display station. The system sends the entire group of records to the display
in a single operation and receives the group from the display in another operation.
-
subfile control record format
- One
of two record formats required to define a subfile in DDS. The subfile control
record format describes the size of the subfile and the size of the subfile
page, and is used by the program to write the subfile to and read the subfile
from the display.
-
subfile record format
- One of two
record formats required to define a subfile in DDS. The subfile record format
defines the fields in a subfile record and is used by the program to perform
input, output, and update operations to the subfile.
-
subfolder
- A folder that is in another
folder. For example, if folder A contains folder B and folder B contains folder
C, then B and C are subfolders of A because the folder path for each begins
with A (A/B/C).
-
subkeyword
- In REXX, a symbol reserved
by the language processor within the clause of individual instructions. For
example, the symbol FOREVER is a subkeyword of the DO instruction.
-
sublayer
- In OSI, a subdivision within
a layer.(I)
-
subnet
- (1) To divide a network into smaller
interconnected, but independent subgroups.
- (2) A network divided into
smaller interconnected, but independent subgroups.
-
subnet address
- In Internet communications,
an extension to the basic IP addressing scheme where a portion of the host
address is interpreted as the local network address.
-
subnet mask
- A bit template that identifies
to the TCP/IP protocol code which bits of the host address are used for routing
to specific subnets. A subnet mask has more 1 bits than the corresponding
class mask for a given Internet Protocol (IP) address.
-
subnet value
- The bit template that
identifies to the TCP/IP protocol code which host or hosts are defined by
this route. This bit template must be a subset of the subnet mask.
-
subnetwork
- (1) The communications media
that join two network nodes together. A subnetwork is a representation within
the OSI reference model of a real network, such as a carrier network, a private
network, or a local area network (LAN).
- (2) A distinct partitioned
piece of an internet network represented by two or more sets of addresses
that are subsets of the network's range of addresses.
-
subnetwork address
- In OSI, a DTE
address.
-
subnetwork mask
- A bit mask of 32
bits that defines the particular subnetwork to which an interface attaches.
-
subprogram
- A called program that
is combined with the calling program at run time to produce a run unit. A
subprogram is below the calling program in the call stack.
-
subquery
- In SQL, a subselect within
a search condition that refers to a value or set of values needed for the
first query to be answered. A subquery can include search conditions of its
own, and these search conditions can, in turn, include subqueries.
-
subrecord control byte (SRCB)
- In
MTAM and RJE, a control character used to provide additional information about
a record.
-
subroutine
- (1) A group of instructions
within another group of instructions that can be called by a program. A subroutine
can call another subroutine.
- (2) In data communications, a group of
statements in a program that can be run several times in that program.
- (3) In REXX, an internal, built-in, or external routine called by the CALL
instruction that may or may not return a result string. If a subroutine returns
a result string, a subroutine can also be called by a function call, in which
case it is being called as a function.
-
subscript
- (1) A character that is printed
one-half line below the normal printing line. For example, the number 2 in
the chemical formula for water, H 2 O, is a subscript. See also superscript.
- (2) In COBOL, a positive number or variable whose
value refers to a particular item in a table.
-
subscripted data-name
- In COBOL, a
data name that is made unique with a subscript.
-
subselect
- That form of a query that
does not include an ORDER BY clause, an UPDATE clause, or UNION operators.
Subselect query syntax can differ depending on the platform.
-
substitution character
- In SQL, a
unique character that is substituted during character conversion for any characters
in the source program that do not have a match in the target coding representation.
-
substitution string
- A specified string
of characters that replaces a string of characters that were located by a
scan operation.
-
substitution variable
- A variable
used to pass information, such as a file name, for use in a message.
-
substring
- A part of a character string.
-
subsystem
- An operating environment,
defined by a subsystem description, where the system coordinates processing
and resources.
-
subsystem description
- A system object
that contains information defining the characteristics of an operating environment
controlled by the system. The system-recognized identifier for the object
type is *SBSD.
-
subsystem information base
- In OSI,
an information base that specifies configuration information. The subsystem
information base is built mostly by the Administrative Facility and used by
OSI Communications Subsystem to control its own operations and network operations.
-
subtree
- A section of a directory
hierarchy, which is also called a directory tree. The subtree typically starts
at a particular directory and includes all subdirectories and objects below
that directory in the directory hierarchy; that is, any subdirectories or
objects connected to the directory or to any lower level of its subdirectories.
-
subtype
- In Java, if type X extends or implements type
Y, then X is a subtype of Y.
-
summary records
- In iSeries Access, an
operation that allows a user to specify that only summary information be transferred
instead of entire records.
-
summary report
- In Query, a report
that contains only summary information, such as the total, average, minimum,
maximum, or count by a query. See also detail report.
-
superclass
- (1) See parent class.
- (2) In Java, a class from which a particular class
is derived, perhaps with one or more classes in between.
-
supernet mask
- A bit template that
identifies to the TCP/IP code which bits of the host address are used for
routing to specific subnets. A subnet mask has fewer 1 bits than the corresponding
class mask for a given Internet Protocol (IP) address.
-
superscript
- A symbol, number, or
letter written immediately above and to the right or left of another character.
For example, a footnote can be identified in text with a superscript number.
See also subscript.
-
supertype
- In Java,
all the interfaces and classes that are extended or implemented by that type.
-
supervisory
- Pertaining to a frame
format that performs data link control functions such as acknowledging information
frames, requesting retransmission, and requesting temporary suspension of
transmission. Receive ready (RR), receive not ready (RNR), and reject (REJ)
are examples of supervisory frame formats.
-
supplemental group
- One or more group
profiles of which the user is a member. The user's first group profile is
specified in the group profile (GRPPRF) parameter of the user profile. Supplemental
group profiles are specified in the supplemental group profile (SUPGRPPRF)
parameter of the group profile.
-
supplementary services
- See Q.932.
-
supplier system
- For directory shadowing,
a system that provides initial or changed Enterprise Address Book (EAB) data
to a collector system in a network. See also collector
system.
-
suppression
- In AFP support, a page-and-form-definition
function that is used to identify fields in a print record that are not printed
on selected pages of a document.
-
surface chart
- In the GDDM function, a
chart similar to a line chart, except that no markers appear, and the areas
between successive lines are shaded.
-
surface graph
- In Performance Tools,
a graph similar to a line graph, except that no markers appear, and the areas
between successive lines are shaded.
-
suspend
- In cross-site mirroring,
to temporarily stop geographic mirroring. If the mirror copy contained usable
data when suspended, the mirror copy still contains usable, though possibly
outdated, data.
-
suspended state
- In cross-site mirroring,
the configuration state of the mirror copy that does not attempt to perform
geographic mirroring when the independent disk pool is available. The mirror
copy state is suspended when it is not resuming or active.
-
SVC
- See switched
virtual circuit.
-
swab
- Cotton attached to the end of
a small stick. Used to clean dirt particles or lint from an area.
-
swapped
- When using the REXX REVERSE
function, pertaining to a process that exchanges the values in the input string
by reversing their positions.
-
sweep
- In AFP support, the movement around an arc from
the center point of the arc.
-
switchable entity
- The physical resource
containing the independent disk pools that can be switched between systems
in a cluster. This can be a expansion unit containing disk units in a multiple
system environment. This could also be an IOP containing disk units in an
LPAR environment. See also device cluster resource group.
-
switchable hardware group
- See device cluster resource group. See also switchable entity.
-
switch back
- In a remote journal network,
to direct clustering functions to allow the primary system to reassume its
role from a previously promoted backup system.
-
switch-back
- In a remote journal network,
pertaining to the processing that is performed by a hot-backup application
to allow the primary system to reassume its role from a previously promoted
backup system.
-
switched line
- In data communications,
a connection between computers or devices that is established by dialing.
See also nonswitched line.
-
switched network backup (SNBU)
- A
modem feature that allows a nonswitched line to be used alternatively as a
switched line or allows a switched line to be used as a nonswitched line depending
on the characteristics of the modem.
-
switched virtual circuit (SVC)
- (1) A
virtual circuit that is requested by a virtual call. It is released when the
virtual circuit is cleared.
- (2) In OSI, a temporary association between
two DTEs that is initiated when one DTE makes a call request to the network.
-
switch over
- In a remote journal network,
to direct clustering functions to change all uses of a cluster resource to
a backup node that becomes the new primary access point of the resource.
-
switchover
- (1) A cluster event where
the primary database server or application server switches over to a backup
system due to the manual intervention from the cluster management interface.
- (2) In a remote journal network, pertaining to the processing that
is performed by a hot-backup application to logically promote a backup system
to assume the role of a primary system.
-
switchover order
- The defined relationship
among the primary and backup nodes in a recovery domain.
-
syllable hyphen
- A hyphen used to
divide a word at the end of a line; it may be removed when a program adjusts
lines. See also required hyphen.
-
symbol
- Any combination of alphabetic
or numeric characters (A-Z, a-z, or 0-9) and the characters @, #, $, ., !,
?, and _.
-
symbolic debugger
- A tool that aids
in the debugging of programs written in certain high-level languages. See
also source debugger.
-
symbolic destination name
- In the
OSI Communications Subsystem licensed program, a name by which an application
entity identifies to OSI Communications Subsystem the peer application entity
with which it is to communicate. OSI Communications Subsystem uses the symbolic
destination name to determine (a) the presentation address of the peer application
entity, and (b) the application mode to be used on the association.
-
symbolic link
- A type of file that
contains the path name of and acts as a pointer to another file or directory.
-
symbolic name
- (1) A unique name used
to identify an entity such as a field, file, data structure, or label within
an RPG program.
- (2) A string composed of characters from the ISO 646
code set that is used in locales to represent a character.
-
symbol resolution
- In ILE, the process
the binder uses to match unresolved imports from the set of modules to be
bound by copy with the set of exports provided by the specified modules and
service programs.
-
symbol set
- In Business Graphics Utility,
a supplied character set used for text strings on charts; for example, headings,
legend text, labels, and notes.
-
symmetric cryptography
- See shared/secret key cryptography.
-
SYN
- See synchronization
character.
-
SYN character
- See synchronization character.
-
synchronization
- (1) The cross-site mirroring
(XSM) processing that copies data from the production copy to the mirror copy.
During synchronization, the mirror copy contains unusable data. When synchronization
is completed, the mirror copy contains usable data.
- (2) In commitment
control, the process of ensuring that all commitment resources are either
committed or rolled back to the same commitment boundary after an abnormal
end.
-
synchronization point (syncpoint)
- (1) In APPC, a reference point during transaction processing to which resources
can be restored if a failure occurs.
- (2) In OSI, a point to which
a session can be reset. Setting a synchronization point requires the appropriate
token. Synchronization points are a session-layer service.
-
synchronization character (SYN character)
- In binary synchronous communications, the transmission control character
that provides a signal to the receiving station for timing the characters
received.
-
synchronize/minor token
- In OSI, a
session layer token that controls the insertion of minor synchronization points.
-
synchronous
- (1) In cross-site mirroring,
pertaining to the mode of geographic mirroring where the program that issues
the update waits until the operation is completed on both the production copy
and the mirror copy. This mode ensures that once control is returned to the
client, the operation is accurately reflected on both the production copy
and the mirror copy.
- (2) Pertaining to two or more processes that
depend upon the occurrences of specific events, such as a common timing signal.
See also asynchronous.
-
Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC)
- A protocol for managing synchronous information transfer over a data link
connection.
-
synchronous disk I/O
- In Performance
Tools, a disk access operation that must complete before program operation
can continue. See also asynchronous disk I/O.
-
synchronous level
- In finance communications,
a level at which a logical unit (LU) determines if it can allocate and deallocate
system resources.
-
synchronous messaging
- A method of
communication between programs in which a program places a message on a message
queue and then waits for a reply to its message before resuming its own processing.
See also asynchronous messaging.
-
synchronous processing
- A series of
operations that are done as part of the job in which they were requested;
for example, calling a program in an interactive job at a work station. See
also asynchronous processing.
-
synchronous transmission
- A method
of transmission in which the sending and receiving of data is controlled by
timing signals. See also asynchronous transmission.
-
syncpoint
- See synchronization point.
-
sync point
- An intermediate or end
point during processing of a transaction at which the transaction's protected
resources are consistent. At a syncpoint, changes to the resources can safely
be committed, or they can be backed out to the previous syncpoint.
-
sync point manager
- A function that
coordinates the two-phase commit process for protected resources, so that
all changes to data are either committed or backed out.
-
synonym aid
- A document proofreading
function that replaces a given word with one having a similar meaning that
the user chooses from a list of synonyms provided by a dictionary.
-
syntactic analysis
- In CoOperative
Development Environment/400, a compiler analysis of a program to determine
the structure of the program and whether it is valid for a given programming
language.
-
syntax
- The rules for the construction
of a command or statement. See also semantics.
-
syntax checker
- A feature that detects
syntax errors in program statements, displays a message, and shows the field
or statement in reverse image.
-
syntax tree listing
- In OSI, a report
produced by the Abstract Syntax Checker that lists the order and hierarchical
relationships of presentation data values (PDVs) and data structures--and
shows the associated type assignments.
-
system
- In data processing, a collection
of people, machines, and methods organized to accomplish a set of specific
functions.
-
System/36 environment
- A function
of the i5/OS operating system that processes most of the System/36 operator
control language (OCL) statements and procedure statements to run System/36 application
programs and allows the user to process the control language (CL) commands.
See also System/38™ environment.
-
System/36 object
- A configuration
description in System/36 terms that defines the System/36 environment.
The system-recognized identifier for the object type is *S36.
-
System/38 environment
- A function
of the operating system that processes most of the System/38 control
language (CL) statements and programs to run System/38 application programs. See also System/36 environment.
-
System/38 Utilities
- A licensed
program for running and maintaining Data File Utility and Query applications
for those who migrate from the System/38 system.
-
system administrator
- In OSI, a person
who controls how the open system resources of a system or enterprise are used.
-
system area network (SAN)
- The connectivity
of multiple systems with the characteristic of high-performance communications
and thus an implied short distance between nodes in the network.
-
system ASP
- The auxiliary storage
pool where system programs and system data reside. It can also include user
programs and user data. The system ASP (ASP1) always exists. See also auxiliary storage pool, user ASP.
-
system configuration list
- A list
of devices that are provided with the system.
-
system configuration special authority
- A special authority that allows the user to make changes to system configuration
information, such as communications definitions.
-
system date
- The date assigned in
the system values when the system is started.
-
system description
- A description
of the system that should include the full name and version identification
of the hardware type for the system, the software operating system, and the
networking software.
-
system distribution directory
- A list
of user IDs and identifying information, such as network addresses, used to
send distributions.
-
system domain object
- An object on
the system that can be accessed only by a system state program. The object
types that can be either system domain or user domain are: *USRSPC, *USRIDX,
*USRQ, *PGM, *SQLPKG. All other object types are system domain. See also domain.
-
system group
- (1) In iSeries Navigator,
a logical collection of endpoint systems.
- (2) In SNADS, the second
part of a system name in the system distribution directory.
-
system initialization table (SIT)
- A table containing parameters used by CICS on start up.
-
system input/output bus
- A set of
hardware components that provide the physical path and logical protocol through
which input/output (I/O) processors and I/O adapters communicate with system
processors and main storage.
-
system job
- A batch job created by
the i5/OS operating system to control system resources and to schedule jobs.
-
system library
- The library shipped
with the system that contains objects, such as authorization lists and device
descriptions created by a user, and the system commands and other system objects
required to run the system. The system identifier is QSYS.
-
system-managed access-path protection (SMAPP)
- An i5/OS function that allows a user to specify a goal for
the maximum amount of time the system should use to recover access paths after
an abnormal system end. The system automatically protects access paths so
that they can be recovered within the time specified.
-
System Manager
- The IBM licensed program
that enables a system in a network to function as a service provider for other
systems in the network.
-
System Manager Security
- An application
on the Hardware Management Console (HMC) that ensures that the HMC can operate
securely in the client/server mode.
-
system menu
- A list of options that
affect the window or the view it contains.
-
system menu symbol
- A symbol in the
leftmost corner of a title bar that gives a user access to choices that affect
the window or the view it contains.
-
system monitor
- (1) In finance communications,
a 4700 controller program used to perform service, configuration, and debugging
functions on that controller.
- (2) An iSeries Navigator tool that gathers and displays
real-time performance data for the server.
-
system name
- (1) An IBM-supplied name
that uniquely identifies the system. It is used as a network value for certain
communications applications such as APPC.
- (2) An IBM-defined name
that has a predefined meaning to the COBOL compiler. System names include
computer names, language names, device names, and function names.
-
system object
- A machine object classification.
Any of the machine objects shipped with the system or any of the operating
system objects created by the system. See also program
object.
-
system operator message queue
- A special
message queue to which the system sends messages regarding changes in the
status of the system, devices, and jobs, and messages indicating a condition
that needs operator intervention. This message queue is identified by the
name QSYSOPR.
-
system performance
- A major factor
in measuring system productivity. Performance is determined by a combination
of throughput, response time, and availability.
-
system pointer
- A pointer that contains
addressability to a machine interface system object.
-
system policy
- In Backup Recovery
and Media Services, a policy that defines the overall default controls and
values to be used by Backup Recovery and Media Services. These values can
be defaulted to, or overridden by, the backup policy, archive policy, media
policies, or move policies.
-
system power control network (SPCN)
- An asynchronous serial communications network. SPCN connects the power system
in participating components to the operating system and can report critical
changes and power failures in those components to the operating system. SPCN
gives the operating system control of electrical power.
-
system processor
- The logic that contains
the processor function to translate and process the i5/OS control language
commands and programming language statements.
-
system product division (SPD)
- A bus
architecture that allows I/O to communicate to the processor. SPD-I/O refers
to devices that use the SPD bus architecture to communicate with the rest
of the server.
-
system programming commands
- Commands
used to monitor and change parameters within a CICS control region.
-
system reference code (SRC)
- (1) A group
of characters that identifies the machine status or a specific error condition.
The system reference code can be displayed on the console from the problem
log.
- (2) The characters that identify the name of the unit that detected
the condition and the reference code that describes the condition.
-
System Request key
- A key that allows
the user to start another interactive job at the user's workstation. The user
can then use the System Request key to switch back and forth between jobs.
An alternative job can be particularly useful for doing another task or viewing
information without having to leave other work.
-
system resource management database object (SRM
database object)
- In the system resource management (SRM) database,
a repository of information about the hardware of the system. This information
includes vital product data (VPD) from self-reporting hardware and additional
topology and location information provided by manufacturing, service representatives,
and users. This repository is carried out by system data space and index objects
and provides a means for users to manage their system resources.
-
system resources
- Those items controlled
by the system, such as programs, devices, and storage areas that are assigned
for use in jobs.
-
system resources manager (SRM)
- A
group of programs that controls the use of system resources, such as programs,
devices, and storage areas that are assigned for use in jobs.
-
system security
- A system function
that restricts the use of files, libraries, folders, and devices to certain
users.
-
system services control point (SSCP)
- A focal point in an SNA network for managing configuration, coordinating network-operator
and problem-determination requests, and providing directory support or other
session services for network users. Multiple SSCPs, cooperating as peers,
can divide the network into domains of control, with each SSCP controlling
the physical and logical units in its domain.
-
system services control point identifier (SSCP
ID)
- In SNA, a number uniquely identifying a system services control
point. The SSCP ID is used in requests sent to physical units and to other
system services control points.
-
system service tools (SST)
- The part
of the service function used to service the system while the operating system
is running. System service tools (SST) allow you to access service functions
from i5/OS. Service tools are accessed using the STRSST (Start SST) CL command.
-
system service tool user profile
- The system-supplied user profile that has the authority necessary to service
the system programming and the special authorities of save system authorities
and job control authorities. Named SRV or QSRVBAS.
-
systems management
- (1) In System Manager,
all of the actions and procedures that accomplish the business support activity
of making information systems services available. Information systems services
include host, application, network, and data services.
- (2) In OSI,
the process of monitoring, coordinating, and controlling resources within
open systems.
-
systems management application
- In
OSI, an application that provides systems management services.
-
systems management application entity (SMAE)
- In OSI, the part of an agent process or a managing process that
performs systems management communications functions. In OSI Communications
Subsystem, both the agent process and the managing process use the same SMAE.
-
Systems Network Architecture (SNA)
- An architecture that describes the logical structure, formats, protocols,
and operational sequences for transmitting information units through the networks
and also the operational sequences for controlling the configuration and operation
of networks. The layered structure of SNA allows the ultimate origins and
destinations of information (the users) to be independent of and unaffected
by the specific SNA network services and facilities that are used for information
exchange.
-
Systems Network Architecture distribution services
(SNADS SNA distribution services)
- See SNA
distribution services. An IBM asynchronous distribution service that
defines a set of rules to receive, route, and send electronic mail in a network
of systems.
-
Systems Network Architecture File Services (SNA/FS
SNA/File Services)
- A service that allows files to be fetched,
moved, and stored at nodes in a SNADS network. SNA/FS provides name structure
and version identification mechanisms that uniquely identify files in a network.
-
Systems Network Architecture Management Services
Transport (SNA/Management Services Transport, SNA/MS Transport)
- A service that allows files to be fetched, moved, and stored at nodes in a
SNADS network. SNA/FS provides name structure and version identification mechanisms
that uniquely identify files in a network.
-
system-specific format
- A print descriptor
naming convention required to store a print descriptor in a print descriptor
group.
-
system state program
- A program that
can access a user domain object or a system domain object. The system state
is reserved for IBM-supplied programs.
-
system-supplied formats
- The communications
record formats provided as part of the ICF support that allows a user's program
to control data communications with a remote system. System-supplied formats
perform such communications functions as starting remote programs, sending
and receiving data, ending communications transactions, and ending sessions.
-
system time
- The elapsed time from
the point when the system was started to the current time. If the system time
is changed to the local time when the system is started, the current system
time is the local time of day.
-
system unit
- The part of a computer
that contains the processing unit, and may contain devices such as disk units
and tape units.
-
system unit console
- (1) In a Windows operating
system environment, any interface with a server.
- (2) In COBOL, a function
name associated with the operator's display station.
- (3) A display
station from which an operator can control and observe the system operation.
For example, an operator can install the operating system, do an attended
IPL, or sign on the system after using the End System (ENDSYS) command. The
console is the first workstation that the system activates in a partition.
The console is always available for use.
-
system value
- Control information
for the operation of certain parts of the system. A user can change the system
value to define the user's working environment. System date and library list
are examples of system values. See also network attribute.