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97 lines
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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Direct file support with ILE COBOL" />
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<meta name="abstract" content="An iSeries server does not support direct files as one of its file types. However, an ILE COBOL program on iSeries server can specify that a file be accessed as a direct file." />
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<title>Direct file support with ILE COBOL</title>
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<!-- Java sync-link --><script language="Javascript" src="../rzahg/synch.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
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<h1 class="topictitle1">Direct file support with ILE COBOL</h1>
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<div><p>An <span class="keyword">iSeries™ server</span> does
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not support direct files as one of its file types. However, an ILE COBOL program
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on <span class="keyword">iSeries server</span> can specify that
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a file be accessed as a <em>direct</em> file.</p>
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<div class="section"><p>An <span class="keyword">iSeries server</span> normally
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creates direct files as <em>sequential</em> files. An ILE COBOL program on an <span class="keyword">iSeries server</span> defines a file as a direct
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file by specifying RELATIVE on the SELECT statement. If the program is to
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open the file for output only (by specifying OUTPUT on the OPEN statement),
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the file must be created with deleted records and contain no active records.
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This is also the file's condition when a non-<span class="keyword">iSeries</span> source
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server (such as <span class="keyword">System/36™</span>) uses
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DDM to create or clear the direct file on an <span class="keyword">iSeries server</span>,
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assuming that the file is created as described in the following paragraphs.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section"><p>An <span class="keyword">iSeries server</span> and <span class="keyword">System/38™</span> support sequential and keyed
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file types. DDM recognizes sequential, keyed, and direct file types. For a
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non-<span class="keyword">iSeries server</span> to create a direct
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file on an <span class="keyword">iSeries server</span> using DDM,
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the DDM architecture command <span class="cmdname">Create Direct File (CRTDIRF)</span> is
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used.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section"><p>When the <span class="cmdname">CRTDIRF</span> architecture command is issued
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from a non-<span class="keyword">iSeries server</span> to create
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the file, the file is created as a physical file and is designated as a direct
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file so that, for subsequent direct file access by non-<span class="keyword">iSeries</span> source
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servers, it will be identifiable to the other server as a direct file. If
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the file is not created in this way, an <span class="keyword">iSeries server</span> cannot
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later determine whether the file is a direct file or a sequential file, again,
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because an <span class="keyword">iSeries server</span> does not
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have direct files as one of its file types.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section"><p>Therefore, if an ILE COBOL program on a server other than an <span class="keyword">iSeries server</span> or a <span class="keyword">System/38</span> needs
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to access an <span class="keyword">iSeries</span> or a <span class="keyword">System/38</span> file in a direct mode (that
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is, by relative record number) for output, the file must have been created
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by the <span class="cmdname">CRTDIRF</span> architecture command.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section"><p>To support direct files on an <span class="keyword">iSeries server</span> for
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output only, the ILE COBOL OPEN statement clears and prepares a member of
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a file being opened. Therefore, existing <span class="keyword">iSeries</span> or <span class="keyword">System/38</span> files can be accessed by using
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DDM files by ILE COBOL programs on other <span class="keyword">iSeries server</span>s
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or <span class="keyword">System/38</span>s. For non-<span class="keyword">iSeries</span> target servers, relative files
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opened for output must be defined as direct files or an error occurs.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section"><p>In summary:</p>
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<ul><li>If a file is created on the local <span class="keyword">iSeries server</span> as
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a direct file by a program or user from a <em>non</em>-<span class="keyword">iSeries server</span>,
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the file can be accessed as a direct file by an ILE COBOL program
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from a remote non-<span class="keyword">iSeries</span> source
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server.</li>
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<li>If a file is created on the local <span class="keyword">iSeries server</span> by
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a program or user on the <em>same</em> <span class="keyword">iSeries server</span>,
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it cannot be accessed as a direct file by a non-<span class="keyword">iSeries server</span> because
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the <span class="keyword">iSeries</span> target server cannot
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determine, in this case, whether the file is a direct or sequential file.</li>
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<li>Any files created by a remote server can be used locally.</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div>
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<div class="familylinks">
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<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="rbae5cobolcon.htm" title="ILE COBOL programs can refer to DDM files. Generally, DDM file names can be specified in ILE COBOL programming language anywhere a database file name can be specified, for both iSeries and non-iSeries target servers.">ILE COBOL considerations for DDM</a></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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