122 lines
3.6 KiB
HTML
122 lines
3.6 KiB
HTML
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<title>tail - Display the last part of a file</title>
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<LINK rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../rzahg/ic.css">
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</HEAD>
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<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
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<!-- Java sync-link -->
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<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="Javascript" SRC="../rzahg/synch.js" TYPE="text/javascript"></SCRIPT>
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<h2>tail - Display the last part of a file</h2>
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<strong>Synopsis</strong>
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<p><strong>tail [-f | -r] [-b</strong> <em>number</em> <strong>|
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-c</strong> <em>number</em> <strong>| -k</strong> <em>number</em> <strong>|-n</strong> <em>
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number</em><strong>]</strong> [<em>file</em> ...]</p>
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<p><strong>Description</strong></p>
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<p>The <strong>tail</strong> utility displays the contents of <em>
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file</em> or, by default, standard input, to the standard
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output.</p>
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<p>The display begins at a byte, line, 512-byte block, or kilobyte location in
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the input. <em>Numbers</em> having a leading plus sign (+) are
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relative to the beginning of the input, for example, "-c +2" starts
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the display at the second byte of the input. <em>Numbers</em>
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having a leading minus sign (-) or no explicit sign are relative to
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the end of the input, for example, "-n 2" displays the last two
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lines of the input. The default starting location is "-n 10", or
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the last 10 lines of the input.</p>
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<p>If more than one <em>file</em> is specified, each file is
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preceded by a header consisting of the string "==> XXX <=="
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where XXX is the name of the file.</p>
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<table>
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<tr>
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<td><strong>Note:</strong></td>
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<td><strong>tail</strong> does not support large files (files
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greater than 2GB in size).</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p><strong>Options</strong></p>
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<dl>
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<dt><strong>-b</strong> <em>number</em></dt>
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<dd>The location is <em>number</em> 512-byte blocks.</dd>
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<dt><strong>-c</strong> <em>number</em></dt>
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<dd>The location is <em>number</em> bytes.</dd>
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<dt><strong>-f</strong></dt>
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<dd>Causes <strong>tail</strong> to not stop when end of file is
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reached, but rather to wait for additional data to be appended to
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the input. The <strong>-f</strong> option is ignored if the
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standard input is a pipe, but not if it is a FIFO.</dd>
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<dt><strong>-k</strong> <em>number</em></dt>
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<dd>The location is <em>number</em> kilobytes.</dd>
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<dt><strong>-n</strong> <em>number</em></dt>
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<dd>The location is <em>number</em> lines.</dd>
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<dt><strong>-r</strong></dt>
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<dd>Causes the input to be displayed in reverse order, by line.
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Additionally, this option changes the meaning of the <strong>
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-b</strong>, <strong>-c</strong> and <strong>-n</strong> options.
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When the <strong>-r</strong> option is specified, these options
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specify the number of bytes, lines or 512-byte blocks to display,
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instead of the bytes, lines or blocks from the beginning or end of
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the input from which to begin the display. The default for the
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<strong>-r</strong> option is to display all of the input.</dd>
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</dl>
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<p><strong>Exit Status</strong></p>
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<ul>
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<li>0 on success</li>
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<li>>0 if an error occurs</li>
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</ul>
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<p><strong>Related information</strong></p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="cat.htm">cat - Concatenate and print files</a></li>
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<li><a href="head.htm">head - Copy the first part of files</a></li>
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</ul>
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<strong>Examples</strong>
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<ol>
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<li>Display the last 100 lines from the file "donkeys". If the
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file "donkeys" is less than 100 lines, then <strong>tail</strong>
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displays the entire file.
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<pre>
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tail -n 100 donkeys
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</pre>
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</li>
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</ol>
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