161 lines
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161 lines
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<meta name="DC.Type" content="concept" />
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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Security" />
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<meta name="abstract" content="From a security point of view, i5/OS PASE programs are subject to the same security restrictions as any other program on i5/OS." />
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<meta name="description" content="From a security point of view, i5/OS PASE programs are subject to the same security restrictions as any other program on i5/OS." />
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<meta name="DC.Relation" scheme="URI" content="rzalfinteract.htm" />
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<title>Security</title>
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</head>
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<body id="rzalfsecurity"><a name="rzalfsecurity"><!-- --></a>
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<!-- Java sync-link --><script language="Javascript" src="../rzahg/synch.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
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<h1 class="topictitle1">Security</h1>
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<div><p>From a security point of view, <span class="keyword">i5/OS™</span> PASE
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programs are subject to the same security restrictions as any other program
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on <span class="keyword">i5/OS</span>.</p>
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<p>To run an <span class="keyword">i5/OS</span> PASE
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program on <span class="keyword">i5/OS</span>, you must
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have authority to the AIX<sup>®</sup> binary in the integrated file system. You must also
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have the proper level of authority to each of the resources that your program
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accesses, or the program will receive an error when you attempt to access
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those resources.</p>
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<p>The following information is particularly important when you run <span class="keyword">i5/OS</span> PASE programs.</p>
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<div class="section"><h4 class="sectiontitle">User profiles and authority management</h4><p>System authorization management is based on user profiles
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that are also objects. All objects created on the system are owned by a specific
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user. Each operation or access to an object is verified by the system to ensure
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the user's authority. The owner or appropriately authorized user profiles
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can delegate various types of authorities to operate on an object to other
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user profiles. Authority checking is provided uniformly to all types of objects. </p>
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<p>The
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object authorization mechanism provides various levels of control. A user's
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authority can be limited to exactly what is needed. Files stored in the QOpenSys
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file system are authorized in the same manner as UNIX<sup>®</sup> files. The following table shows the
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relationship between UNIX permissions and the security values used on <span class="keyword">i5/OS</span> database files. On <span class="keyword">i5/OS</span>, *OBJOPR is <em>Use object</em> authority;
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*EXCLUDE is <em>No authority</em>. *READ, *ADD, *UPD, *DLT, and *EXECUTE are
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data authorities. You need *EXECUTE authority (and sometimes *READ authority)
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to a file to run it as an <span class="keyword">i5/OS</span> PASE
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program.</p>
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<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" width="100%" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><thead align="left"><tr><th valign="top" width="31.914893617021278%" id="d0e84">UNIX permission</th>
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<th valign="top" width="14.893617021276595%" id="d0e88">*OBJOPR</th>
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<th valign="top" width="10.638297872340425%" id="d0e90">*READ</th>
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<th valign="top" width="8.51063829787234%" id="d0e92">*ADD</th>
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<th valign="top" width="8.51063829787234%" id="d0e94">*UPD</th>
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<th valign="top" width="8.51063829787234%" id="d0e96">*DLT</th>
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<th valign="top" width="17.02127659574468%" id="d0e98">*EXECUTE</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody><tr><td valign="top" width="31.914893617021278%" headers="d0e84 ">r(read)</td>
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<td valign="top" width="14.893617021276595%" headers="d0e88 ">X</td>
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<td valign="top" width="10.638297872340425%" headers="d0e90 ">X</td>
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<td valign="top" width="8.51063829787234%" headers="d0e92 ">-</td>
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<td valign="top" width="8.51063829787234%" headers="d0e94 ">-</td>
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<td valign="top" width="8.51063829787234%" headers="d0e96 ">-</td>
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<td valign="top" width="17.02127659574468%" headers="d0e98 ">-</td>
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</tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" width="31.914893617021278%" headers="d0e84 ">w(write)</td>
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<td valign="top" width="14.893617021276595%" headers="d0e88 ">X</td>
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<td valign="top" width="10.638297872340425%" headers="d0e90 ">-</td>
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<td valign="top" width="8.51063829787234%" headers="d0e92 ">X</td>
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<td valign="top" width="8.51063829787234%" headers="d0e94 ">X</td>
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<td valign="top" width="8.51063829787234%" headers="d0e96 ">X</td>
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<td valign="top" width="17.02127659574468%" headers="d0e98 ">-</td>
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</tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" width="31.914893617021278%" headers="d0e84 ">x(execute)</td>
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<td valign="top" width="14.893617021276595%" headers="d0e88 ">X</td>
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<td valign="top" width="10.638297872340425%" headers="d0e90 ">-</td>
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<td valign="top" width="8.51063829787234%" headers="d0e92 ">-</td>
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<td valign="top" width="8.51063829787234%" headers="d0e94 ">-</td>
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<td valign="top" width="8.51063829787234%" headers="d0e96 ">-</td>
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<td valign="top" width="17.02127659574468%" headers="d0e98 ">X</td>
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</tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" width="31.914893617021278%" headers="d0e84 ">No authority</td>
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<td valign="top" width="14.893617021276595%" headers="d0e88 ">-</td>
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<td valign="top" width="10.638297872340425%" headers="d0e90 ">-</td>
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<td valign="top" width="8.51063829787234%" headers="d0e92 ">-</td>
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<td valign="top" width="8.51063829787234%" headers="d0e94 ">-</td>
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<td valign="top" width="8.51063829787234%" headers="d0e96 ">-</td>
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<td valign="top" width="17.02127659574468%" headers="d0e98 ">-</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="section"><h4 class="sectiontitle">User profiles in <span class="keyword">i5/OS</span> PASE</h4><p>On <span class="keyword">i5/OS</span>,
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authentication information is stored in individual <em>profiles</em> rather
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than in such files as <tt>/etc/passwd</tt>. Users and groups have profiles.
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All of these profiles share one namespace, and each profile must have a unique
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monocase name. If you pass a lowercase name to the <span class="apiname">getpwnam()</span> or <span class="apiname">getgrnam()</span> API,
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the system converts the name strings to the expected case.</p>
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<p>If you call <span class="apiname">getpwuid()</span> or <span class="apiname">getgrgid()</span> to
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get the profile name returned, it will be in lowercase, unless you set the <span class="keyword">i5/OS</span> PASE environment variable
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PASE_USRGRP_LOWERCASE=N, which returns the result in uppercase.</p>
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<p>Every
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user has a user identification (<tt>UID</tt>). Every group has a group identification
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(<tt>GID</tt>). These are defined according to the Portable Operation System
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Interface X (POSIX) 1003.1 standard. The two numeric spaces are separate,
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so you can have a user with a UID of 104 and a group with a GID of 104 that
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are distinct from each other.</p>
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<p><span class="keyword">i5/OS</span> has
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a user profile for the security officer, QSECOFR, that has a UID of 0. No
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other profile can have the UID of 0. QSECOFR is the most privileged profile
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on the system and, in that sense, acts as the root user. However, <span class="keyword">i5/OS</span> also provides a set of specific
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privileges that can be assigned to individual users by system administrators.
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One of these privileges, *ALLOBJ, overrides the discretionary access control
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for file access, for example, which is a typical use of root privileges on
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operating systems, such as AIX and Linux<sup>®</sup>.</p>
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<p>In a ported
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application that uses root access, it is probably a better security practice
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to create a specific user profile for the <em>application user</em> that can
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be given *ALLOBJ authority, therefore avoiding the use of QSECOFR, which has
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much more privilege than is needed by the single application. Unlike operation
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systems, such as AIX or Linux, <span class="keyword">i5/OS</span> does
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not require group membership for users. The GID of 0 for a user profile on <span class="keyword">i5/OS</span> means <em>no group assigned</em> rather
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than referring to a group with more privileges.</p>
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<p><span class="keyword">i5/OS</span> security
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relies on integrated security built into the system. All accesses to objects
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must pass a security check. The security check is done with respect to the
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user profile for which the process runs at the time of the access.</p>
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<p><span class="keyword">i5/OS</span> PASE relies on giving each
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process a separate address space to maintain integrity and security. If a
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resource is not available in your <span class="keyword">i5/OS</span> PASE
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address space, you cannot access it. File system security prevents someone
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from loading a resource into their address space without proper authorization.
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After it is in the address space, the resource is available to the process
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regardless of the identity under which the process is running.</p>
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<p>An <span class="keyword">i5/OS</span> PASE program uses system calls
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to request system functions. System calls for an <span class="keyword">i5/OS</span> PASE
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program are handled by <span class="keyword">i5/OS</span>.
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This interface gives <span class="keyword">i5/OS</span> PASE
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programs only indirect (and safe) access to system internals.</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div>
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<div class="familylinks">
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<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="rzalfinteract.htm" title="As you customize your i5/OS PASE programs to use i5/OS functions, you need to consider the ways in which your program will interact with them.">How i5/OS PASE programs interact with i5/OS</a></div>
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</div>
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<div class="relinfo"><strong>Related information</strong><br />
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<div><a href="../rzahg/rzahgicsecurity.htm">Security</a></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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