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<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<meta name="Copyright" content="Copyright (c) 2006 by IBM Corporation">
<title>unlink()--Remove Link to File</title>
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<h2>unlink()--Remove Link to File</h2>
<div class="box" style="width: 50%;">
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;Syntax<br>
<pre>
#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;
int unlink(const char <em>*path</em>);
</pre>
&nbsp;&nbsp;Service Program Name: QP0LLIB1<br>
<!-- iddvc RMBR -->
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;Default Public Authority: *USE<br>
<!-- iddvc RMBR -->
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;Threadsafe: Conditional; see <a href="#USAGE_NOTES">Usage Notes</a>.<br>
<!-- iddvc RMBR -->
<br>
</div>
<p>The <strong>unlink()</strong> function removes a directory entry that refers
to a file. This <strong>unlink()</strong> deletes the link named by <em>
path</em> and decrements the link count for the file itself.</p>
<p>If the link count becomes zero and no job currently has the file open, the
file itself is deleted. The space occupied by the file is freed for new use,
and the current contents of the file are lost. If one or more jobs have the
file open when the last link is removed, <strong>unlink()</strong> removes the
link, but the file itself is not removed until the last job closes the
file.</p>
<p><strong>unlink()</strong> cannot be used to remove a directory; use <strong>
rmdir()</strong> instead.</p>
<p>If <em>path</em> refers to a symbolic link, <strong>unlink()</strong>
removes the symbolic link but not a file or directory named by the contents of
the symbolic link.</p>
<p>If <strong>unlink()</strong> succeeds, the change and modification times for
the parent directory are updated. If the link count of the file is not zero,
the change time for the file is also updated. If <strong>unlink()</strong>
fails, the link is not removed.</p>
<p>If the file is checked out, <strong>unlink()</strong> fails with the [EBUSY]
error. If the file is marked "read-only", <strong>unlink()</strong> fails with
the [EROOBJ] error.</p>
<br>
<h3>Parameters</h3>
<dl>
<dt><strong><em>path</em></strong></dt>
<dd>(Input) A pointer to the null-terminated path name of the file to be
unlinked.
<p>This parameter is assumed to be represented in the CCSID (coded character
set identifier) currently in effect for the job. If the CCSID of the job is
65535, this parameter is assumed to be represented in the default CCSID of the
job.</p>
<p>See <a href="unlinku.htm">QlgUnlink()--Remove Link to File (using
NLS-enabled path name)</a> for a description and an example of supplying the
<em>path</em> in any CCSID.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<br>
<h3>Authorities</h3>
<p><strong>Note:</strong> Adopted authority is not used.</p>
<p><strong><a name="TBLAUNLNK">Authorization Required for unlink() (excluding
QSYS.LIB, independent ASP QSYS.LIB, QDLS and QOPT)</a></strong><br>
</p>
<table border width="100%">
<!-- cols="60 20 20" -->
<tr>
<th align="left" valign="bottom">Object Referred to</th>
<th align="left" valign="bottom">Authority Required</th>
<th align="left" valign="bottom">errno</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Each directory in the path name
preceding the object to be unlinked</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">*X</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">EACCES</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Parent directory of the object to be
unlinked</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">*WX</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">EACCES</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Object to be unlinked</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">*OBJEXIST</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">EACCES</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Parent directory of the
object to be unlinked has the S_ISVTX mode bit set to binary one (see <b>Note</b>).</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">*ALLOBJ, or owner of the object to be unlinked,
or owner of the parent directory of the object to be unlinked</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">EPERM</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top"><b>Note:</b> The S_ISVTX mode bit
(which is equivalent to the 'Restricted rename and unlink' object attribute)
restriction only applies to objects in the "root" (/), QOpenSys, and user-defined file systems.</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><strong><a name="TBLAUNLNK2">Authorization Required for unlink() in the
QSYS.LIB and independent ASP QSYS.LIB File Systems</a></strong><br>
</p>
<table border width="100%">
<!-- cols="60 20 20" -->
<tr>
<th align="left" valign="bottom">Object Referred to</th>
<th align="left" valign="bottom">Authority Required</th>
<th align="left" valign="bottom">errno</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Each directory in the path name
preceding the object to be unlinked</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">*X</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">EACCES</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Parent directory of the object to be
unlinked</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">See <strong>Note</strong></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">EACCES</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Object to be unlinked</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">See <strong>Note</strong></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">EACCES</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top"><strong>Note:</strong> The required authorization
varies for each object type. See the DLTxxx commands in the <a href=
"../books/sc415302.pdf" target="_blank">iSeries Security Reference</a> <img
src="wbpdf.gif" alt="Link to PDF"> book for details.</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<p><strong><a name="TBLAUNLNK3">Authorization Required for unlink() in the QDLS
File System</a></strong><br>
</p>
<table border width="100%">
<!-- cols="60 20 20" -->
<tr>
<th align="left" valign="bottom">Object Referred to</th>
<th align="left" valign="bottom">Authority Required</th>
<th align="left" valign="bottom">errno</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Each directory in the path name
preceding the object to be unlinked</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">*X</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">EACCES</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Parent directory of the object to be
unlinked</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">*X</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">EACCES</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Object to be unlinked</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">*ALL</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">EACCES</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<p><strong><a name="TBLAUNLNK4">Authorization Required for unlink() in the QOPT
File System</a></strong><br>
</p>
<table border width="100%">
<!-- cols="60 20 20" -->
<tr>
<th align="left" valign="bottom">Object Referred to</th>
<th align="left" valign="bottom">Authority Required</th>
<th align="left" valign="bottom">errno</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Volume authorization list</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">*CHANGE</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">EACCES</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Each directory in the path name
preceding the object to be unlinked if volume media format is Universal Disk
Format (UDF)</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">*X</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">EACCES</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Parent directory of the object to be
unlinked if volume media format is Universal Disk Format (UDF)</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">*WX</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">EACCES</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Object to be unlinked if volume media
format is Universal Disk Format (UDF)</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">*W</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">EACCES</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Object to be unlinked and parent
directories if volume media format is not Universal Disk Format (UDF)</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">None</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">None</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<br>
<h3>Return Value</h3>
<dl compact>
<dt><em>0</em></dt>
<dd><strong>unlink()</strong> was successful.</dd>
<dt><em>-1</em></dt>
<dd><strong>unlink()</strong> was not successful. The <em>errno</em> global
variable is set to indicate the error.</dd>
</dl>
<br>
<h3>Error Conditions</h3>
<p>If <strong>unlink()</strong> is not successful, <em>errno</em> usually
indicates one of the following errors. Under some conditions, <em>errno</em>
could indicate an error other than those listed here.</p>
<table cellpadding="5">
<!-- cols="25 75" -->
<tr>
<th align="left" valign="bottom">Error condition</th>
<th align="left" valign="bottom">Additional information</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#EACCES">EACCES</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>If you are accessing a remote file through the Network File System, update
operations to file permissions at the server are not reflected at the client
until updates to data that is stored locally by the Network File System take
place. (Several options on the Add Mounted File System (ADDMFS) command
determine the time between refresh operations of local data.) Access to a
remote file may also fail due to different mappings of user IDs (UID) or group
IDs (GID) on the local and remote systems.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#EAGAIN">EAGAIN</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#EBADFID">EBADFID</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#EBADNAME">EBADNAME</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#EBUSY">EBUSY</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>The file may be checked out.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#ECONVERT">ECONVERT</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#EDAMAGE">EDAMAGE</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#EDATALINK">EDATALINK</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#EEXIST">EEXIST</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#EFAULT">EFAULT</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#EFILECVT">EFILECVT</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#EINTR">EINTR</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#EINVAL">EINVAL</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#EIO">EIO</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#EJRNDAMAGE">EJRNDAMAGE</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#EJRNENTTOOLONG">EJRNENTTOOLONG</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#EJRNINACTIVE">EJRNINACTIVE</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#EJRNRCVSPC">EJRNRCVSPC</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#ELOOP">ELOOP</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#ENAMETOOLONG">ENAMETOOLONG</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#ENEWJRN">ENEWJRN</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#ENEWJRNRCV">ENEWJRNRCV</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#ENOENT">ENOENT</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#ENOMEM">ENOMEM</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#ENOSPC">ENOSPC</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#ENOTAVAIL">ENOTAVAIL</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#ENOTSAFE">ENOTSAFE</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#ENOTDIR">ENOTDIR</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#ENOTSUP">ENOTSUP</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#EPERM">EPERM</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p><strong>unlink()</strong> is not permitted on directories in this part of
the directory hierarchy, or <strong>unlink()</strong> is permitted but the user
does not have sufficient authority.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#EROOBJ">EROOBJ</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#ESTALE">ESTALE</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>If you are accessing a remote file through the Network File System, the file
may have been deleted at the server.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#EUNKNOWN">EUNKNOWN</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#EXDEV">EXDEV</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>If interaction with a file server is required to access the object, <em>
errno</em> could indicate one of the following errors:</p>
<table cellpadding="5">
<!-- cols="25 75" -->
<tr>
<th align="left" valign="bottom">Error condition</th>
<th align="left" valign="bottom">Additional information</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#EADDRNOTAVAIL">EADDRNOTAVAIL</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#ECONNABORTED">ECONNABORTED</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#ECONNREFUSED">ECONNREFUSED</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#ECONNRESET">ECONNRESET</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#EHOSTDOWN">EHOSTDOWN</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#EHOSTUNREACH">EHOSTUNREACH</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#ENETDOWN">ENETDOWN</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#ENETRESET">ENETRESET</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#ENETUNREACH">ENETUNREACH</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#ESTALE">ESTALE</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>If you are accessing a remote file through the Network File System, the file
may have been deleted at the server.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#ETIMEDOUT">ETIMEDOUT</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<em>[<a href="unix14.htm#EUNATCH">EUNATCH</a>]</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<br>
<h3>Error Messages</h3>
<p>The following messages may be sent from this function:</p>
<table width="100%" cellpadding="5">
<tr>
<th align="left" valign="top">Message ID</th>
<th align="left" valign="top">Error Message Text</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" valign="top">CPE3418 E</td>
<td width="85%" valign="top">Possible APAR condition or hardware failure.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">CPFA0D4 E</td>
<td valign="top">File system error occurred. Error number &amp;1.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">CPF3CF2 E</td>
<td valign="top">Error(s) occurred during running of &amp;1 API.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">CPF9872 E</td>
<td valign="top">Program or service program &amp;1 in library &amp;2 ended.
Reason code &amp;3.</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<br>
<h3><a name="USAGE_NOTES">Usage Notes</a></h3>
<ol type="1">
<li>This function will fail with error code [ENOTSAFE] when all the following
conditions are true:
<ul>
<li>Where multiple threads exist in the job.</li>
<li>The object on which this function is operating resides in a file system
that is not threadsafe. Only the following file systems are threadsafe for this
function:
<ul>
<li>"Root" (/)</li>
<li>QOpenSys</li>
<li>User-defined</li>
<li>QNTC</li>
<li>QSYS.LIB</li>
<li>Independent ASP QSYS.LIB</li>
<li>QOPT</li>
<li>Network File System</li>
<li>QFileSvr.400</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<br>
</li>
<li>QSYS.LIB and Independent ASP QSYS.LIB File System Differences
<p>The link to a file cannot be removed when a job has the file open.</p>
<p>The following object types cannot be unlinked when there are secondary
threads active in the job: *CFGL, *CNNL, *COSD, *CTLD, *DEVD, *IPXD, *LIND,
*MODD, *NTBD, *NWID, *NWSD. The operation will fail with error code
[ENOTSAFE].</p>
</li>
<li>QDLS File System Differences
<p>The link to a document cannot be removed when a job has the document open
(returns the [EBUSY] error).</p>
</li>
<li>QOPT File System Differences
<p>The change and modification times of the parent directory are not
updated.</p>
<p>The link to a file cannot be removed when a job has the file open.</p>
</li>
<li>The link to a file cannot be removed if the file is a DataLink column
in an SQL table and a row in that SQL table references this file.</li>
</ol>
<br>
<h3>Related Information</h3>
<ul>
<li>The &lt;<strong>unistd.h</strong>&gt; file (see <a href="unix13.htm">Header
Files for UNIX-Type Functions</a>)<br>
</li>
<li><a href="close.htm">close()</a>--Close File or Socket Descriptor<br>
</li>
<li><a href="link.htm">link()</a>--Create Link to File<br>
</li>
<li><a href="open.htm">open()</a>--Open File<br>
</li>
<li><a href="openu.htm">QlgOpen()</a>--Open a File (using NLS-enabled path
name)<br>
</li>
<li><a href="rmdiru.htm">QlgRmdir()</a>--Remove Directory (using NLS-enabled
path name)<br>
</li>
<li><a href="unlinku.htm">QlgUnlink()</a>--Remove Link to File (using
NLS-enabled path name)<br>
</li>
<li><a href="rmdir.htm">rmdir()</a>--Remove Directory</li>
</ul>
<br>
<h3>Example</h3>
<p>See <a href="../apiref/aboutapis.htm#codedisclaimer">Code disclaimer information</a>
for information pertaining to code examples.</p>
<p>The following example removes a link to a file:</p>
<pre>
#include &lt;sys/types.h&gt;
#include &lt;sys/stat.h&gt;
#include &lt;fcntl.h&gt;
#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
main() {
int file_descriptor;
char fn[]="unlink.file";
if ((file_descriptor = creat(fn, S_IWUSR)) &lt; 0)
perror("creat() error");
else {
close(file_descriptor);
if (unlink(fn) != 0)
perror("unlink() error");
}
}
</pre>
<br>
<hr>
API introduced: V3R1
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