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<title>Transaction recovery through commitment control</title>
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<body id="rbal1rcvtrn"><a name="rbal1rcvtrn"><!-- --></a>
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<!-- Java sync-link --><script language="Javascript" src="../rzahg/synch.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
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<h1 class="topictitle1">Transaction recovery through commitment control</h1>
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<div><p>Commitment control is an extension of the journal management function
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on the <span class="keyword">iSeries™ server</span>. The server
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can identify and process a group of relational database changes as a single
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unit of work (transaction).</p>
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<div class="section"><p>An SQL COMMIT statement guarantees that the group of operations
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is completed. An SQL ROLLBACK statement guarantees that the group of operations
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is backed out. The only SQL statements that cannot be committed or rolled
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back are: </p>
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<ul><li>DROP COLLECTION</li>
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<li>GRANT or REVOKE if an authority holder exists for the specified object</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="section"><p>Under commitment control, tables and rows used during a transaction
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are locked from other jobs. This ensures that other jobs do not use the data
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until the transaction is complete. At the end of the transaction, the program
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issues an SQL COMMIT or ROLLBACK statement, freeing the rows. If the server
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or job ends abnormally before the commit operation is performed, all changes
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for that job since the last time a commit or rollback operation occurred are
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rolled back. Any affected rows that are still locked are then unlocked. The
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lock levels are as follows: </p>
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<dl><dt class="dlterm">*NONE</dt>
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<dd>Commitment control is not used. Uncommitted changes in other jobs can
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be seen.</dd>
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<dt class="dlterm">*CHG</dt>
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<dd>Objects referred to in SQL ALTER, COMMENT ON, CREATE, DROP, GRANT, LABEL
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ON, and REVOKE statements and the rows updated, deleted, and inserted are
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locked until the unit of work (transaction) is completed. Uncommitted changes
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in other jobs can be seen.</dd>
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<dt class="dlterm">*CS</dt>
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<dd>Objects referred to in SQL ALTER, COMMENT ON, CREATE, DROP, GRANT, LABEL
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ON, and REVOKE statements and the rows updated, deleted, and inserted are
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locked until the unit of work (transaction) is completed. A row that is selected,
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but not updated, is locked until the next row is selected. Uncommitted changes
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in other jobs cannot be seen.</dd>
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<dt class="dlterm">*ALL</dt>
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<dd>Objects referred to in SQL ALTER, COMMENT ON, CREATE, DROP, GRANT, LABEL
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ON, and REVOKE statements and the rows read, updated, deleted, and inserted
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are locked until the end of the unit of work (transaction). Uncommitted changes
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in other jobs cannot be seen.</dd>
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</dl>
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</div>
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<div class="section"><p><a href="#rbal1rcvtrn__rbal1reclock">Table 1</a> shows the record
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lock duration for each of these lock level values.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section"><div class="p">If you request COMMIT (*CHG), COMMIT (*CS), or COMMIT (*ALL) when
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the program is precompiled or when Interactive SQL is started, then SQL sets
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up the commitment control environment by implicitly calling the <span class="cmdname">Start
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Commitment Control (STRCMTCTL)</span> command. The LCKLVL parameter specified
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when SQL starts commitment control is the lock level specified on the COMMIT
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parameter on the CRTSQL<em>xxx</em> commands. NFYOBJ(*NONE) is specified when
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SQL starts commitment control. To specify a different NFYOBJ parameter, issue
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a (STRCMTCTL) command before starting SQL. <div class="note"><span class="notetitle">Note:</span> When running with commitment
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control, the tables referred to in the application program by data manipulation
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language statements must be journaled. The tables do not have to be journaled
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at precompile time, but they must be journaled when you run the application.</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="section"><p>If a remote relational database is accessing data on the server
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and requesting commit level repeatable read (*RR), the tables will be locked
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until the query is closed. If the cursor is read only, the table will be locked
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(*SHRNUP). If the cursor is in update mode, the table will be locked (*EXCLRD).</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section"><p>The journal created in the SQL collection is normally the journal
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used for logging all changes to SQL tables. You can, however, use the server
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journal functions to journal SQL tables to a different journal.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section"><p>Commitment control can handle up to 131 072 distinct row changes
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in a unit of work. If COMMIT(*ALL) is specified, all rows read are also included
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in the 131 072 limit. (If a row is changed or read more than once in a unit
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of work, it is only counted once toward the 131 072 limit.) Maintaining a
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large number of locks adversely affects server performance and does not allow
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concurrent users to access rows locked in the unit of work until the unit
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of work is completed. It is, therefore, more efficient to keep the number
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of rows processed in a unit of work small. Commitment control allows up to
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512 tables either open under commitment control or closed with pending changes
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in a unit of work.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section"><p>The HOLD value on COMMIT and ROLLBACK statements allows you to
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keep the cursor open and start another unit of work without issuing an OPEN
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again. The HOLD value is not available when there are non-<span class="keyword">iSeries</span> connections
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that are not released for a program and SQL is still in the call stack. If
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ALWBLK(*ALLREAD) and either COMMIT(*CHG) or COMMIT(*CS) are specified when
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the program is precompiled, all read-only cursors will allow blocking of rows
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and a ROLLBACK HOLD statement will not roll the cursor position back.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section"><p>If there are locked rows (records) pending from running a SQL
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precompiled program or an Interactive SQL session, a COMMIT or
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ROLLBACK statement can be issued from the server Command Entry display. Otherwise,
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an implicit ROLLBACK operation occurs when the job is ended.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section"><p>You can use the <span class="cmdname">Work with Commitment Definitions (WRKCMTDFN)</span> command
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to monitor the status of commitment definitions and free up locks and held
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resources involved with commitment control activities across servers.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="rbal1rcvtrn__rbal1reclock"><!-- --></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="rbal1rcvtrn__rbal1reclock" width="100%" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption>Table 1. Record lock duration</caption><thead align="left"><tr><th align="left" valign="bottom" width="19.19191919191919%" id="d0e166">SQL statement</th>
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<th align="left" valign="bottom" width="19.94949494949495%" id="d0e168">COMMIT parameter</th>
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<th align="left" valign="bottom" width="44.44444444444444%" id="d0e170">Duration of record locks</th>
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<th align="left" valign="bottom" width="16.414141414141415%" id="d0e172">Lock type</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top" width="19.19191919191919%" headers="d0e166 ">SELECT INTO </td>
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<td align="left" valign="top" width="19.94949494949495%" headers="d0e168 "> <p>*NONE<br />
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*CHG<br />
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*CS<br />
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*ALL (See note 2)</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left" valign="top" width="44.44444444444444%" headers="d0e170 "> <p>No locks<br />
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No locks<br />
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Row locked when read and released<br />
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From read until ROLLBACK or COMMIT</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left" valign="top" width="16.414141414141415%" headers="d0e172 "> <p> <br />
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<br />
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READ<br />
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READ</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top" width="19.19191919191919%" headers="d0e166 ">FETCH (read-only cursor)</td>
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<td align="left" valign="top" width="19.94949494949495%" headers="d0e168 "> <p>*NONE<br />
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*CHG<br />
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*CS<br />
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*ALL (See note 2)</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left" valign="top" width="44.44444444444444%" headers="d0e170 "> <p>No locks<br />
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No locks<br />
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From read until the next FETCH<br />
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From read until ROLLBACK or COMMIT</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left" valign="top" width="16.414141414141415%" headers="d0e172 "> <p> <br />
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<br />
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READ<br />
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READ</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top" width="19.19191919191919%" headers="d0e166 ">FETCH (update or delete capable cursor) See
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note 1</td>
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<td align="left" valign="top" width="19.94949494949495%" headers="d0e168 "> <p>*NONE<br />
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<br />
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<br />
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<br />
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*CHG<br />
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<br />
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<br />
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<br />
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*CS<br />
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<br />
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<br />
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<br />
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*ALL</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left" valign="top" width="44.44444444444444%" headers="d0e170 "> <p>When record not updated or deleted<br />
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from read until next FETCH<br />
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When record is updated or deleted<br />
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from read until UPDATE or DELETE<br />
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When record not updated or deleted<br />
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from read until next FETCH<br />
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When record is updated or deleted<br />
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from read until UPDATE or DELETE<br />
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When record not updated or deleted<br />
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from read until next FETCH<br />
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When record is updated or deleted<br />
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from read until UPDATE or DELETE<br />
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From read until ROLLBACK or COMMIT</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left" valign="top" width="16.414141414141415%" headers="d0e172 "> <p>UPDATE<br />
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<br />
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<br />
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<br />
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UPDATE<br />
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<br />
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<br />
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<br />
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UPDATE<br />
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<br />
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<br />
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<br />
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UPDATE<sup>3</sup></p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top" width="19.19191919191919%" headers="d0e166 ">INSERT (target table)</td>
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<td align="left" valign="top" width="19.94949494949495%" headers="d0e168 "> <p>*NONE<br />
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*CHG<br />
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*CS<br />
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*ALL</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left" valign="top" width="44.44444444444444%" headers="d0e170 "> <p>No locks<br />
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From insert until ROLLBACK or COMMIT<br />
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From insert until ROLLBACK or COMMIT<br />
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From insert until ROLLBACK or COMMIT</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left" valign="top" width="16.414141414141415%" headers="d0e172 "> <p> <br />
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UPDATE<br />
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UPDATE<br />
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UPDATE<sup>4</sup></p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top" width="19.19191919191919%" headers="d0e166 ">INSERT (tables in subselect)</td>
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<td align="left" valign="top" width="19.94949494949495%" headers="d0e168 "> <p>*NONE<br />
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*CHG<br />
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*CS<br />
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*ALL</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left" valign="top" width="44.44444444444444%" headers="d0e170 "> <p>No locks<br />
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No locks<br />
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Each record locked while being read<br />
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From read until ROLLBACK or COMMIT</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left" valign="top" width="16.414141414141415%" headers="d0e172 "> <p> <br />
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<br />
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READ<br />
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READ</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top" width="19.19191919191919%" headers="d0e166 ">UPDATE (non-cursor)</td>
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<td align="left" valign="top" width="19.94949494949495%" headers="d0e168 "> <p>*NONE<br />
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*CHG<br />
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*CS<br />
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*ALL</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left" valign="top" width="44.44444444444444%" headers="d0e170 "> <p>Each record locked while being updated<br />
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From read until ROLLBACK or COMMIT<br />
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From read until ROLLBACK or COMMIT<br />
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From read until ROLLBACK or COMMIT</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left" valign="top" width="16.414141414141415%" headers="d0e172 "> <p>UPDATE<br />
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UPDATE<br />
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UPDATE<br />
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UPDATE</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top" width="19.19191919191919%" headers="d0e166 ">DELETE (non-cursor)</td>
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||
<td align="left" valign="top" width="19.94949494949495%" headers="d0e168 "> <p>*NONE<br />
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*CHG<br />
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||
*CS<br />
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||
*ALL</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left" valign="top" width="44.44444444444444%" headers="d0e170 "> <p>Each record locked while being deleted<br />
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||
From read until ROLLBACK or COMMIT<br />
|
||
From read until ROLLBACK or COMMIT<br />
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||
From read until ROLLBACK or COMMIT</p>
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||
</td>
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<td align="left" valign="top" width="16.414141414141415%" headers="d0e172 "> <p>UPDATE<br />
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||
UPDATE<br />
|
||
UPDATE<br />
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||
UPDATE</p>
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||
</td>
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||
</tr>
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top" width="19.19191919191919%" headers="d0e166 ">UPDATE (with cursor)</td>
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||
<td align="left" valign="top" width="19.94949494949495%" headers="d0e168 "> <p>*NONE<br />
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||
*CHG<br />
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||
*CS<br />
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||
*ALL</p>
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||
</td>
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||
<td align="left" valign="top" width="44.44444444444444%" headers="d0e170 "> <p>Lock released when record updated<br />
|
||
From read until ROLLBACK or COMMIT<br />
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||
From read until ROLLBACK or COMMIT<br />
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||
From read until ROLLBACK or COMMIT</p>
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||
</td>
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<td align="left" valign="top" width="16.414141414141415%" headers="d0e172 "> <p>UPDATE<br />
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||
UPDATE<br />
|
||
UPDATE<br />
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||
UPDATE</p>
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||
</td>
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||
</tr>
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top" width="19.19191919191919%" headers="d0e166 ">DELETE (with cursor)</td>
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||
<td align="left" valign="top" width="19.94949494949495%" headers="d0e168 "> <p>*NONE<br />
|
||
*CHG<br />
|
||
*CS<br />
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||
*ALL</p>
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||
</td>
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<td align="left" valign="top" width="44.44444444444444%" headers="d0e170 "> <p>Lock released when record deleted<br />
|
||
From read until ROLLBACK or COMMIT<br />
|
||
From read until ROLLBACK or COMMIT<br />
|
||
From read until ROLLBACK or COMMIT</p>
|
||
</td>
|
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<td align="left" valign="top" width="16.414141414141415%" headers="d0e172 "> <p>UPDATE<br />
|
||
UPDATE<br />
|
||
UPDATE<br />
|
||
UPDATE</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr><td align="left" valign="top" width="19.19191919191919%" headers="d0e166 ">Subqueries (update or delete capable cursor
|
||
or UPDATE or DELETE non-cursor)</td>
|
||
<td align="left" valign="top" width="19.94949494949495%" headers="d0e168 "> <p>*NONE<br />
|
||
*CHG<br />
|
||
*CS<br />
|
||
*ALL (see note 2)</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td align="left" valign="top" width="44.44444444444444%" headers="d0e170 "> <p>From read until next FETCH<br />
|
||
From read until next FETCH<br />
|
||
From read until next FETCH<br />
|
||
From read until ROLLBACK or COMMIT</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td align="left" valign="top" width="16.414141414141415%" headers="d0e172 "> <p>READ<br />
|
||
READ<br />
|
||
READ<br />
|
||
READ</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr><td align="left" valign="top" width="19.19191919191919%" headers="d0e166 ">Subqueries (read-only cursor or SELECT INTO)</td>
|
||
<td align="left" valign="top" width="19.94949494949495%" headers="d0e168 "> <p>*NONE<br />
|
||
*CHG<br />
|
||
*CS<br />
|
||
*ALL</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td align="left" valign="top" width="44.44444444444444%" headers="d0e170 "> <p>No locks<br />
|
||
No locks<br />
|
||
Each record locked while being read<br />
|
||
From read until ROLLBACK or COMMIT</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td align="left" valign="top" width="16.414141414141415%" headers="d0e172 "> <p> <br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
READ<br />
|
||
READ</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr><td colspan="4" align="left" valign="top" headers="d0e166 d0e168 d0e170 d0e172 "><div class="note"><span class="notetitle">Notes:</span> <ol><li>A cursor is open with UPDATE or DELETE capabilities if the result table
|
||
is not read-only (see description of DECLARE CURSOR) and if one of the following
|
||
items is true: <ul><li>The cursor is defined with a FOR UPDATE clause.</li>
|
||
<li>The cursor is defined without a FOR UPDATE, FOR FETCH ONLY, or ORDER BY
|
||
clause and the program contains at least one of the following items: <ul><li>Cursor UPDATE referring to the same cursor-name</li>
|
||
<li>Cursor DELETE referring to the same cursor-name</li>
|
||
<li>An EXECUTE or EXECUTE IMMEDIATE statement with ALWBLK(*READ) or ALWBLK(*NONE)
|
||
specified on the CRTSQL<em>xxx</em> command</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>A table or view can be locked exclusively in order to satisfy COMMIT(*ALL).
|
||
If a subselect is processed that includes a group by or union, or if the processing
|
||
of the query requires the use of a temporary result, an exclusive lock is
|
||
acquired to protect you from seeing uncommitted changes.</li>
|
||
<li>If the row is not updated or deleted, the lock is reduced to *READ.</li>
|
||
<li>An UPDATE lock on rows of the target table and a READ lock on the rows
|
||
of the subselect table.</li>
|
||
<li>A table or view can be locked exclusively in order to satisfy repeatable
|
||
read. Row locking is still done under repeatable read. The locks acquired
|
||
and their duration are identical to *ALL.</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
<div class="familylinks">
|
||
<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="rbal1recovsupp.htm" title="Failures that can occur on a computer server are a server failure (when the entire server is not operating); a loss of the site due to fire, flood, or similar catastrophe; or the damage or loss of an object. For a distributed relational database, a failure on one server in the network prevents users across the entire network from accessing the relational database on that server.">Recovery support for a distributed relational database</a></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="reltasks"><strong>Related tasks</strong><br />
|
||
<div><a href="rbal1cmt.htm" title="Use the Work with Commitment Definitions (WRKCMTDFN) command if you want to work with the commitment definitions on the server.">Work with commitment definitions in a distributed relational database</a></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="relref"><strong>Related reference</strong><br />
|
||
<div><a href="rbal1saverestore.htm" title="Saving and restoring data and programs allows recovery from a program or server failure, exchange of information between servers, or storage of objects or data offline. A sound backup policy at each server in the distributed relational database network ensures that a server can be restored and made available to network users quickly in the event of a problem.">Save and restore processing for a distributed relational database</a></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="relinfo"><strong>Related information</strong><br />
|
||
<div><a href="../db2/rbafzmsth2clcu.htm">DECLARE CURSOR</a></div>
|
||
<div><a href="../cl/strcmtctl.htm">Start Commitment Control (STRCMTCTL) command</a></div>
|
||
<div><a href="../rzakj/rzakjtrouble.htm">Troubleshoot transactions and commitment control</a></div>
|
||
<div><a href="../cl/wrkcmtdfn.htm">Work with Commitment Definitions (WRKCMTDFN) command</a></div>
|
||
<div><a href="../cl/savobj.htm">Save Object (SAVOBJ) command</a></div>
|
||
<div><a href="../cl/savlib.htm">Save Library (SAVLIB) command</a></div>
|
||
<div><a href="../cl/savchgobj.htm">Save Changed Object (SAVCHGOBJ) command</a></div>
|
||
<div><a href="../cl/savsavfdta.htm">Save Save File Data (SAVSAVFDTA) command</a></div>
|
||
<div><a href="../cl/savsys.htm">Save System (SAVSYS) command</a></div>
|
||
<div><a href="../cl/rstlib.htm">Restore Library (RSTLIB) command</a></div>
|
||
<div><a href="../cl/rstobj.htm">Restore Object (RSTOBJ) command</a></div>
|
||
<div><a href="../cl/rstusrprf.htm">Restore User Profiles (RSTUSRPRF) command</a></div>
|
||
<div><a href="../cl/rstaut.htm">Restore Authority (RSTAUT) command</a></div>
|
||
<div><a href="../cl/rstcfg.htm">Restore Configuration (RSTCFG) command</a></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</html> |