ibm-information-center/dist/eclipse/plugins/i5OS.ic.apis_5.4.0.1/wait.htm

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<title>wait()--Wait for Child Process to End</title>
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<h2>wait()--Wait for Child Process to End</h2>
<div class="box" style="width: 60%;">
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;Syntax<br>
<pre>
#include &lt;sys/types.h&gt;
#include &lt;sys/wait.h&gt;
pid_t wait(int <em>*stat_loc</em>);
</pre>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;Service Program Name: QP0ZSPWN<br>
<!-- iddvc RMBR -->
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;Default Public Authority: *USE<br>
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&nbsp;&nbsp;Threadsafe: Yes<br>
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<br>
</div>
<p>The <strong>wait()</strong> function suspends processing until a child
process has ended. The calling thread will suspend processing until status
information is available for a child process that ended. A suspended <strong>
wait()</strong> function call can be interrupted by the delivery of a signal
whose action is either to run a signal-catching function or to terminate the
process. When <strong>wait()</strong> is successful, status information about
how the child process ended (for example, whether the process ended <em>
*stat_loc</em>.</p>
<br>
<h3>Parameters</h3>
<dl>
<dt><strong><em>stat_loc</em></strong></dt>
<dd>(Input) Pointer to an area where status information about how the child
process ended is to be placed.</dd>
</dl>
<em>*stat_loc</em> argument is interpreted using macros defined in the <strong>
&lt;sys/wait.h&gt;</strong> header file. The macros use an argument <em>
stat_val</em>, which is the integer value <em>*stat_loc</em>. When <strong>
wait()</strong> returns with a valid process ID (pid), the macros analyze the
status referenced by the <em>*stat_loc</em> argument. The macros are as
follows:<br>
<br>
<table cellpadding="5">
<!-- cols="25 75" -->
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top"><em>WIFEXITED(stat_val)</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">Evaluates to a nonzero value if the status was
returned for a child process that ended normally.<br>
<br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" nowrap><em>WEXITSTATUS(stat_val)</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">If the value of the WIFEXITED(<em>stat_val</em>)
is nonzero, evaluates to the low-order 8 bits of the status argument that the
child process passed to <strong>exit()</strong>, or to the value the child
process returned from <strong>main()</strong>.<br>
<br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top"><em>WIFSIGNALED(stat_val)</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">Evaluates to a nonzero value if the status was
returned for a child process that ended because of the receipt of a terminating
signal that was not caught by the process.<br>
<br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top"><em>WTERMSIG(stat_val)</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">If the value of WIFSIGNALED(<em>stat_val</em>) is
nonzero, evaluates to the number of the signal that caused the child process to
end.<br>
<br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top"><em>WIFStopPED(stat_val)</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">Evaluates to a nonzero value if the status was
returned for a child process that is currently stopped.<br>
<br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top"><em>WStopSIG(stat_val)</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">If the value of the WIFStopPED(<em>stat_val</em>)
is nonzero, evaluates to the number of the signal that caused the child process
to stop.<br>
<br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" nowrap><em>WIFEXCEPTION(stat_val)</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">Evaluates to a nonzero value if the status was
returned for a child process that ended because of an error condition.
<p><strong>Note</strong>: The WIFEXCEPTION macro is unique to the i5/OS
implementation. See the <a href="#USAGE">Usage Notes</a>.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top"><em>WEXCEPTNUMBER(stat_val)</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">If the value of the
WIFEXCEPTION(<em>stat_val</em>) is nonzero, this macro evaluates to the last
i5/OS exception number related to the child process.
<p><strong>Note</strong>: The WEXCEPTNUMBER macro is unique to the i5/OS
implementation. See the <a href="#USAGE">Usage Notes</a>.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<br>
<h3>Authorities</h3>
<p>None</p>
<br>
<h3>Return Value</h3>
<table cellpadding="5">
<!-- cols="10 90" -->
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top"><em>value</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top"><strong>wait()</strong> was successful. The value
returned indicates the process ID of the child process whose status information
*stat_loc.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top"><em>-1</em></td>
<td align="left" valign="top"><strong>wait()</strong> was not successful. The
<em>errno</em> value is set to indicate the error.</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<br>
<h3>Error Conditions</h3>
<p>If <strong>wait()</strong> is not successful, <em>errno</em> usually
indicates one of the following errors. Under some conditions, <em>errno</em>
could indicate an error other than those listed here.</p>
<dl>
<dt><em>[ECHILD]</em></dt>
<dd>
<p>Calling process has no remaining child processes on which wait operation can
be performed.</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>[EFAULT]</em></dt>
<dd>
<p>The address used for an argument is not correct.</p>
<p>In attempting to use an argument in a call, the system detected an address
that is not valid.</p>
<p>While attempting to access a parameter passed to this function, the system
detected an address that is not valid.</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>[EINTR]</em></dt>
<dd>
<p>Interrupted function call.</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>[EUNKNOWN]</em></dt>
<dd>
<p>Unknown system state.</p>
<p>The operation failed because of an unknown system state. See any messages in
the job log and correct any errors that are indicated, then retry the
operation.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<br>
<h3><a name="USAGE"><strong>Usage Notes</strong></a></h3>
<ol>
<li>The WIFEXCEPTION macro is unique to the i5/OS implementation. This macro
can be used to determine whether the child process has ended because of an
exception. When WIFEXCEPTION returns a nonzero value, the value returned by the
WEXCEPTNUMBER macro corresponds to the last i5/OS exception number related to
the child process.<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>When a child process ends because of an exception, the ILE C run-time
library catches and handles the original exception. The value returned by
WEXCEPTNUMBER indicates that the exception was <strong>CEE9901</strong>. This
is a common exception ID. If you want to determine the original exception that
ended the child process, look at the job log for the child process.<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>If the child process is ended by any of the following:<br>
<br>
<ul>
<li>ENDJOB OPTION(*IMMED)</li>
<li>ENDJOB OPTION(*CNTRLD) and delay time was reached</li>
<li>Debugging a child process (environment variable QIBM_CHILD_JOB_SNDINQMSG is
used) and the resulting CPAA980 *INQUIRY message is replied to using C,</li>
</ul>
<p>then the parent's <strong>wait()</strong> <em>stat_loc</em> value indicates
that:</p>
<ul>
<li>WIFEXCEPTION(<em>stat_val</em>) evaluates to a nonzero value</li>
<li>WEXCEPTNUMBER(<em>stat_val</em>) evaluates to zero.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<br>
<h3>Related Information</h3>
<ul>
<li>The &lt;<strong>sys/types.h</strong>&gt; file (see <a href="unix13.htm">
Header Files for UNIX-Type Functions</a>)<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>The &lt;<strong>sys/wait.h</strong>&gt; file (see <a href="unix13.htm">
Header Files for UNIX-Type Functions</a>)<br>
<br>
</li>
<li><a href="spawn.htm">spawn()</a>--Spawn Process<br>
<br>
</li>
<li><a href="spawnp.htm">spawnp()</a>--Spawn Process with Path<br>
<br>
</li>
<li><a href="waitpid.htm">waitpid()</a>--Wait for Specific Child Process<br>
<br>
</li>
<li><A href="unix5a2.htm#sigconcepts">Signal concepts</a></li>
</ul>
<br>
<h3>Example</h3>
<p>See <a href="../apiref/aboutapis.htm#codedisclaimer">Code disclaimer information</a>
for information pertaining to code examples.</p>
<p>For an example of using this function, see <a href="../apiref/apiexuspro.htm">Using the Spawn Process and Wait
for Child Process APIs</a> in API examples.</p>
<br>
<hr>
API introduced: V3R6
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