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<title>gethostbyname_r()--Get Host Information for Host Name</title>
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<h2>gethostbyname_r()--Get Host Information for Host Name</h2>
<div class="box" style="width: 65%;">
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;BSD 4.3 Syntax<br>
<pre>
#include &lt;netdb.h&gt;
int gethostbyname_r(char *<em>host_name</em>,
struct hostent *<em>hostent_struct_addr</em>,
struct hostent_data *<em>hostent_data_struct_addr</em>)
</pre>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;Service Program Name: QSOSRV2<br>
<!-- iddvc RMBR -->
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;Default Public Authority: *USE<br>
<!-- iddvc RMBR -->
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;Threadsafe: Yes<br>
<!-- iddvc RMBR -->
<br>
</div>
<br>
<div class="box" style="width: 65%;">
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="_xopen_source.htm">UNIX 98 Compatible Syntax</a><br>
<pre>
#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 520
#include &lt;netdb.h&gt;
int gethostbyname_r(const char *<em>host_name</em>,
struct hostent *<em>hostent_struct_addr</em>,
struct hostent_data *<em>hostent_data_struct_addr</em>)
</pre>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;Service Program Name: QSOSRV2<br>
<!-- iddvc RMBR -->
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;Default Public Authority: *USE<br>
<!-- iddvc RMBR -->
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;Threadsafe: Yes<br>
<!-- iddvc RMBR -->
<br>
</div>
<br>
<p>The <em>gethostbyname_r()</em> function is used to retrieve information
about a host.</p>
<p>There are two versions of the API, as shown above. The base i5/OS API uses
BSD 4.3 structures and syntax. The other uses syntax and structures compatible
with the UNIX 98 programming interface specifications. You can select the UNIX
98 compatible interface with the <a href="_xopen_source.htm">_XOPEN_SOURCE</a>
macro.</p>
<br>
<h3>Parameters</h3>
<dl>
<dt><strong>host_name</strong> &nbsp;(input)&nbsp;</dt>
<dd>Specifies the pointer to the character string that contains the name of the
host for which information is to be retrieved.<br>
<br>
</dd>
<dt><strong>hostent_struct_addr</strong> &nbsp;(input/output)&nbsp;</dt>
<dd>Specifies the pointer to a hostent structure where the results will be
placed. All results must be referenced through this structure.<br>
<br>
</dd>
<dt><strong>hostent_data_struct_addr</strong> &nbsp;(input/output)&nbsp;</dt>
<dd>Specifies the pointer to the hostent_data structure, which is used to pass
and preserve results between function calls. The field host_control_blk in the
hostent_data structure must be initialized with hexadecimal zeros before its
initial use. If compatibility with other platforms is required, then the entire
hostent_data structure must be initialized with hexadecimal zeros before
initial use.</dd>
</dl>
<br>
<h3>Authorities:</h3>
<p>Authorization of *R (allow access to the object) to the host aliases file
specified by the <em>hostaliases</em> environment variable.</p>
<p>You also need *X authority to each directory in the path of the host aliases
file.</p>
<br>
<h3>Return Value</h3>
<p>The <em>gethostbyname_r()</em> function returns an integer. Possible values
are:</p>
<ul>
<li>-1 (unsuccessful call)</li>
<li>0 (successful call)</li>
</ul>
<p>The <strong>struct hostent</strong> denoted by <strong><em>
hostent_struct_addr</em></strong> and <strong>struct
hostent_data</strong>denoted by <strong><em>
hostent_data_struct_addr</em></strong> are both defined in <strong>
&lt;netdb.h&gt;</strong>. The structure <strong>struct hostent</strong>is
defined as:</p>
<pre>
struct hostent [
char *h_name;
char **h_aliases;
int h_addrtype;
int h_length;
char **h_addr_list;
];
#define h_addr h_addr_list[0]
</pre>
<p><em>h_name</em> points to the character string that contains the name of the
host. <em>h_aliases</em> is a pointer to a NULL-terminated list of pointers,
each of which points to a character string that represents an alternative name
for the host. <em>h_addrtype</em> contains the address type of the host (for
example, <samp>af_inet</samp>). <em>h_length</em> contains the size of an
address in octets (for example, the size of an Internet address is 4 octets).
<em>h_addr_list</em> is a pointer to a NULL-terminated list of pointers, each
of which points to a network address (in network byte order) for the host.</p>
<br>
<h3>Error Conditions</h3>
<p>When the <em>gethostbyname_r()</em> function fails, <em>h_errno</em>
(defined in <strong>&lt;netdb.h&gt;</strong>) can be set to:</p>
<dl>
<dt><em>[HOST_NOT_FOUND]</em></dt>
<dd>
<p>The host name specified by the <em>host_name</em> parameter was not
found.</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>[NO_DATA]</em></dt>
<dd>
<p>The host name is a valid name, but there is no corresponding IP address.</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>[NO_RECOVERY]</em></dt>
<dd>
<p>An unrecoverable error has occurred.</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>[TRY_AGAIN]</em></dt>
<dd>
<p>The local server did not receive a response from an authoritative server. An
attempt at a later time may succeed.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>When the <em>gethostbyname_r()</em> function fails, <em>errno</em> can be
set to:</p>
<dl>
<dt><em>[EACCES]</em></dt>
<dd>
<p>Permission denied. The process does not have the appropriate privileges to
the host aliases file specified by the <em>HOSTALIASES</em> environment
variable.</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>[EINVAL]</em></dt>
<dd>
<p>The hostent_data structure was not initialized with hexadecimal zeros before
initial use. For corrective action, see the description for structure
hostent_data.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<br>
<h3>Usage Notes</h3>
<ol>
<li>The iSeries Navigator or the following CL commands can be used to access
the host database file:<br>
<br>
<ul>
<li>ADDTCPHTE (Add TCP/IP Host Table Entry)</li>
<li>RMVTCPHTE (Remove TCP/IP Host Table Entry)</li>
<li>CHGTCPHTE (Change TCP/IP Host Table Entry)</li>
<li>RNMTCPHTE (Rename TCP/IP Host Table Entry)</li>
<li>MRGTCPHT (Merge TCP/IP Host Tables)</li>
</ul>
<br>
</li>
<li>There are two sources from which host information can be obtained: the
domain name server and the host database file. The path taken depends on
whether an IP address is configured for a name server using the iSeries
Navigator or option 12, Change TCP/IP domain information, on the <strong>
CFGTCP</strong> menu.
<p><strong>Note:</strong> A person with a UNIX background would expect this
information to exist in a file known as <strong>/etc/resolv.conf</strong>. If
the IP address is found (indicating that the local network is a domain
network), the <em>gethostbyaddr_r()</em> function will attempt to query the
domain name server for information about a host. If the query fails, the
information will be obtained from the host database file. If the name server IP
address is not found (indicating that local network is a flat network), the
host database file is used to obtain the address.</p>
</li>
<li>If the <em>host_name</em> parameter does specify a domain qualified name,
the <em>gethostbyaddr_r()</em> function will append a domain name to the
specified host name, if possible. The domain name that will be appended is
configured using the iSeries Navigator or <strong>CFGTCP</strong> menu option
12, Change TCP/IP domain information.<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>When the host information is obtained from the host database file, the file
is opened and the host information is retrieved (if it exists) from the file.
The file is then closed only if a <em>sethostent_r()</em> call with a non-zero
parameter value was not previously done.<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>If a <em>sethostent_r()</em> call with a non-zero parameter value was
previously done, the <em>gethostbyname_r()</em> routine, when obtaining host
information from the domain name server, will communicate with the domain name
server over a connection-oriented transport service (for example, TCP).
Otherwise, <em>gethostbyname_r()</em> will use a connectionless transport
service (for example, UDP).<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>A job has a coded character set identifier (CCSID) and a default CCSID. The
default CCSID is the same as the job CCSID unless the job CCSID specifies
65535, which requests that no database translation be performed. In this case,
the default CCSID is set by the system based on the language ID in effect for
the job.
<p>If the host information is retrieved from the domain name server, sockets
converts the host name specified by the <em>host_name</em> parameter to ASCII
before communicating with the domain name server. If the host information is
retrieved from the host database file, no conversion is done on the host name
specified by the <em>host_name</em> parameter unless the CCSID of the job is
something other than 65535. In addition, host names returned in the hostent
will be returned in the default CCSID of the job if they are obtained from the
domain name server. For translation to occur for the host names returned in the
hostent structure when they are obtained from the host database file, you must
use a job CCSID of something other than 65535.</p>
</li>
<li>Address families are defined in <strong>&lt;sys/socket.h&gt;</strong>, and
the <strong>in_addr</strong> structure is defined in <strong>
&lt;netinet/in.h&gt;</strong>.<br>
<br>
</li>
<li><em>gethostbyname_r()</em> will resolve local host aliases to a domain name
which are then resolved with a query using DNS. See <a href="reshostalias.htm">
res_hostalias()</a> for more information on aliases.<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>When you develop in C-based languages and an application is compiled with
the _XOPEN_SOURCE macro defined to the value 520 or greater, the <em>
gethostbyname_r()</em> API is mapped to <em>qso_gethostbyname_r98()</em>.</li>
</ol>
<br>
<h3>Related Information</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="_xopen_source.htm">_XOPEN_SOURCE</a>--Using _XOPEN_SOURCE for the
UNIX 98 compatible interface<br>
<br>
</li>
<li><a href="hstrerror.htm">hstrerror()</a>--Retrieve Resolver Error
Message<br>
<br>
</li>
<li><a href="reshostalias.htm">res_hostalias()</a>--Retrieve the host alias<br>
<br>
</li>
<li><a href="tsehoste.htm">endhostent_r()</a>--Close Host Database<br>
<br>
</li>
<li><a href="tsghosta.htm">gethostbyaddr_r()</a>--Get Host Information for IP
Address<br>
<br>
</li>
<li><a href="tsghoste.htm">gethostent_r()</a>--Get Next Entry from Host
Database<br>
<br>
</li>
<li><a href="tsshoste.htm">sethostent_r()</a>--Open Host Database</li>
</ul>
<br>
<hr>
API introduced: V3R1
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