Auto-sensing

If auto-negotiation fails, your server can match the line speed of its link partner.

However, the adapter cannot sense the duplex mode. The server will default to half duplex, which can result in a duplex mismatch.

Duplex mismatch

The following is an example of a duplex mismatch: Your iSeries™, configured for full duplex, is connecting to a hub configured for half duplex. The iSeries server begins sending information to the hub, which is waiting to receive. When the receive line is clear, the hub will then begin transmission back to the iSeries server. During this transmission, the iSeries receives the incoming data and (if it has data ready) begins transmitting to the hub. Because the hub is half duplex, it will see this unexpected receipt of data and will cancel the transmission in progress. This is called a collision. A duplex mismatch problem might be reported as a 'failure to connect' error, or it might cause a more subtle performance problem due to intermittent cancelled frames.
Related concepts
Duplex mode
Auto-negotiation