A merge operation is similar to a rejoin operation except that it occurs when nodes that are partitioned begin communicating again.
The partition may be a true partition in that cluster resource services is still active on all nodes. However, some nodes cannot communicate with other nodes due to a communication line failure. Or, the problem may be that a node actually failed, but was not detected as a failure.
In the first case, the partitions are merged back together automatically once the communication problem is fixed. This happens when both partitions periodically try to communicate with the partitioned nodes and eventually reestablish contact with each other. In the second case, cluster resource services must be restarted on the failed node by starting the node from any node in the cluster.