212 lines
5.1 KiB
HTML
212 lines
5.1 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content=
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"text/html; charset=utf-8">
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<title>tr - Translate characters</title>
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<LINK rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../rzahg/ic.css">
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</HEAD>
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<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
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<!-- Java sync-link -->
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<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="Javascript" SRC="../rzahg/synch.js" TYPE="text/javascript"></SCRIPT>
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<h2>tr - Translate
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characters</h2>
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<p><strong>Synopsis</strong></p>
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<p><strong>tr [-cs]</strong> <em>string1 string2</em></p>
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<p><strong>tr [-c] -d</strong> <em>string1</em></p>
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<p><strong>tr [-c] -s</strong> <em>string1</em></p>
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<p><strong>tr [-c] -ds</strong> <em>string1 string2</em></p>
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<p><strong>Description</strong></p>
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<p>The <strong>tr</strong> utility copies the standard input to the
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standard output with substitution or deletion of selected
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characters.</p>
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<p>In the first synopsis form, the characters in <em>string1</em>
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are translated into the characters in <em>string2</em> where the
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first character in <em>string1</em> is translated into the first
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character in <em>string2</em> and so on. If <em>string1</em> is
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longer than <em>string2</em>, the last character found in <em>
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string2</em> is duplicated until <em>string1</em> is exhausted.</p>
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<p>In the second synopsis form, the characters in <em>string1</em>
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are deleted from the input.</p>
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<p>In the third synopsis form, the characters in <em>string1</em>
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are compressed as described for the <strong>-s</strong> option
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below.</p>
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<p>In the fourth synopsis form, the characters in <em>string1</em>
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are deleted from the input, and the characters in <em>string2</em>
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are compressed as described for the <strong>-s</strong> option
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below.</p>
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<p>The following conventions can be used in <em>string1</em> and
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<em>string2</em> to specify sets of characters. Any character not
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described by one of the following conventions represents
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itself.</p>
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<dl>
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<dt><strong>nnn</strong></dt>
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<dd>A backslash (\) followed by 1, 2 or 3 octal digits represents a
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character with that encoded value.</dd>
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<dt><strong>char</strong></dt>
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<dd>To follow an octal sequence with a digit as a character, left
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zero-pad the octal sequence to the full 3 octal digits. A backslash
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(\) followed by certain special characters maps to special values.
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The special characters and their values are:
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<ul>
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<li>a - alert character</li>
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<li>b - backspace</li>
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<li>f - form-feed</li>
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<li>n - newline</li>
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<li>r - carriage return</li>
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<li>t - tab</li>
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<li>v - vertical tab</li>
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<li>A backslash (\) followed by any other character maps to that
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character.</li>
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</ul>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong>c-c</strong></dt>
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<dd>Represents the range of characters between the range endpoints,
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inclusively.</dd>
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<dt><strong>[:class:]</strong></dt>
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<dd>Represents all characters belonging to the defined character
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class. These are the class names:
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<ul>
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<li>alnum - alphanumeric characters</li>
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<li>alpha - alphabetic characters</li>
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<li>cntrl - control characters</li>
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<li>digit - numeric characters</li>
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<li>graph - graphic characters</li>
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<li>lower - lower-case alphabetic characters</li>
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<li>print - printable characters</li>
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<li>punct - punctuation characters</li>
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<li>space - space characters</li>
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<li>upper - upper-case characters</li>
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<li>xdigit - hexadecimal characters</li>
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</ul>
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<table>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top"><strong>Note:</strong></td>
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<td>With the exception of the upper and lower classes, characters
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in the classes are in unspecified order. In the upper and lower
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classes, characters are entered in ascending order.</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<p><strong>Options</strong></p>
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<dl>
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<dt><strong>-c</strong></dt>
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<dd>Complement the set of characters in <em>string1</em>, that is
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<strong>-c ab</strong> includes every character except for "a" and
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"b".</dd>
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<dt><strong>-d</strong></dt>
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<dd>Delete characters from the input.</dd>
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<dt><strong>-s</strong></dt>
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<dd>Squeeze multiple occurrences of the characters listed in the
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last operand (either <em>string1</em> or <em>string2</em>) in the
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input into a single instance of the character. This occurs after
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all deletion and translation is completed.</dd>
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</dl>
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<p><strong>Exit Status</strong></p>
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<ul>
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<li>0 on success</li>
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<li>>0 if an error occurs.</li>
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</ul>
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<p><strong>Related information</strong></p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="cut.htm">cut - Cut out selected fields of each line of
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a file</a></li>
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<li><a href="grep.htm">grep - Search a file for a pattern</a></li>
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<li><a href="tr.htm">tr - translate characters</a></li>
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<li><a href="wc.htm">wc - Word, line and byte/character
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count</a></li>
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</ul>
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<p><strong>Examples</strong></p>
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<ol>
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<li>Create a list of the words in file1, one per line, where a word
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is taken to be a maximal string of letters.
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<pre>
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tr -cs '[:alpha:]' 'n' < file1
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</pre>
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</li>
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<li>Translate the contents of file1 to upper-case.
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<pre>
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tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]' < file1
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tr 'a-z' 'A-Z' < file1
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</pre>
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</li>
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<li>Remove the non-printable characters from file1.
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<pre>
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tr -cd '[:print:]' < file1
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</pre>
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</li>
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</ol>
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<!-- end ibmbody========================================================= -->
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</body>
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</html>
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