159 lines
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HTML
159 lines
11 KiB
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<title>Insert rows using the INSERT statement</title>
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<body id="rbafyinsert"><a name="rbafyinsert"><!-- --></a>
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<!-- Java sync-link --><script language="Javascript" src="../rzahg/synch.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
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<h1 class="topictitle1">Insert rows using the INSERT statement</h1>
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<div><p>This topic shows the basic SQL statements and clauses that insert
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data into tables and views. Examples using these SQL statements are supplied
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to help you develop SQL applications.</p>
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<p>You can use the INSERT statement to add new rows to a table or view in
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one of the following ways: </p>
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<ul><li>Specifying values in the INSERT statement for columns to be added.</li>
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<li>Including a select-statement in the INSERT statement to tell SQL what
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data for the new row is contained in another table or view. </li>
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<li>Specifying the blocked form of the INSERT statement to add multiple rows.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>For every row you insert, you must supply a value for each column defined
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with the NOT NULL attribute if that column does not have a default value.
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The INSERT statement for adding a row to a table or view may look like this:</p>
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<pre> <strong>INSERT INTO</strong> table-name
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(column1, column2, ... )
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<strong>VALUES</strong> (value-for-column1, value-for-column2, ... )</pre>
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<p>The INTO clause names the columns for which you specify values. The VALUES
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clause specifies a value for each column named in the INTO clause. The value
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you specify can be:</p>
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<ul><li>A <strong>constant.</strong> Inserts the value provided in the VALUES clause.</li>
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<li>A <strong>null value.</strong> Inserts the null value, using the keyword NULL. The
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column must be defined as capable of containing a null value or an error occurs.</li>
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<li>A <strong>host variable.</strong> Inserts the contents of a host variable.</li>
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<li>A <strong>special register.</strong> Inserts a special register value; for example,
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USER.</li>
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<li>An <strong>expression.</strong> Inserts the value that results from an expression.</li>
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<li>A <strong>scalar fullselect</strong> inserts the value that is the
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result of running the select statement.</li>
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<li>The <strong>DEFAULT</strong> keyword. Inserts the default value of the column. The
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column must have a default value defined for it or allow the NULL value, or
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an error occurs.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>You must provide a value in the VALUES clause for each column named in
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an INSERT statement's column list. The column name list can be omitted if
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all columns in the table have a value provided in the VALUES clause. If a
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column has a default value, the keyword DEFAULT may be used as a value in
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the VALUES clause. This causes the default value for the column to be placed
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in the column.</p>
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<p>It is a good idea to name all columns into which you are inserting values
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because:</p>
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<ul><li>Your INSERT statement is more descriptive.</li>
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<li>You can verify that you are providing the values in the proper order based
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on the column names.</li>
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<li>You have better data independence. The order in which the columns are
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defined in the table does not affect your INSERT statement.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>If the column is defined to allow null values or to have a default, you
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do not need to name it in the column name list or specify a value for it.
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The default value is used. If the column is defined to have a default value,
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the default value is placed in the column. If DEFAULT was specified for the
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column definition without an explicit default value, SQL places the default
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value for that data type in the column. If the column does not have a default
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value defined for it, but is defined to allow the null value (NOT NULL was
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not specified in the column definition), SQL places the null value in the
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column.</p>
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<ul><li>For numeric columns, the default value is 0.</li>
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<li>For fixed length character or graphic columns, the default is blanks.</li>
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<li><img src="./delta.gif" alt="Start of change" />For fixed length binary columns, the default is hexadecimal
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zeros.<img src="./deltaend.gif" alt="End of change" /></li>
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<li><img src="./delta.gif" alt="Start of change" />For varying length character, graphic, or binary columns
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and for LOB columns, the default is a zero length string.<img src="./deltaend.gif" alt="End of change" /></li>
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<li>For date, time, and timestamp columns, the default value is the current
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date, time, or timestamp. When inserting a block of records, the default date/time
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value is extracted from the system when the block is written. This means that
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the column will be assigned the same default value for each row in the block.</li>
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<li>For DataLink columns, the default value corresponds to DLVALUE('','URL','').</li>
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<li>For distinct-type columns, the default value is the default value of the
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corresponding source type. </li>
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<li>For ROWID columns or columns that are defined AS IDENTITY, the database
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manager generates a default value.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>When your program attempts to insert a row that duplicates another row
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already in the table, an error might occur. Multiple null values may or may
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not be considered duplicate values, depending on the option used when the
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index was created.</p>
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<ul><li>If the table has a primary key, unique key, or unique index, the row is
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not inserted. Instead, SQL returns an SQLCODE of -803.</li>
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<li>If the table does not have a primary key, unique key, or unique index,
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the row can be inserted without error.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>If SQL finds an error while running the INSERT statement, it stops inserting
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data. If you specify COMMIT(*ALL), COMMIT(*CS), COMMIT(*CHG), or COMMIT(*RR),
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no rows are inserted. Rows already inserted by this statement, in the case
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of INSERT with a select-statement or blocked insert, are deleted. If you specify
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COMMIT(*NONE), any rows already inserted are <em>not</em> deleted.</p>
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<p>A table created by SQL is created with the Reuse Deleted Records parameter
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of *YES. This allows the database manager to reuse any rows in the table that
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were marked as deleted. The CHGPF command can be used to change the attribute
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to *NO. This causes INSERT to always add rows to the end of the table.</p>
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<p>The order in which rows are inserted does not guarantee the order in which
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they will be retrieved.</p>
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<p>If the row is inserted without error, the SQLERRD(3) field of the SQLCA
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has a value of 1.</p>
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<div class="note"><span class="notetitle">Note:</span> For blocked INSERT or for INSERT with select-statement, more than one
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row can be inserted. The number of rows inserted is reflected in SQLERRD(3)
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in the SQLCA. It is also available from the ROW_COUNT diagnostics item in
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the GET DIAGNOSTICS statement.</div>
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</div>
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<div>
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<ul class="ullinks">
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<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="rbafyvalues.htm">Insert rows using the VALUES keyword</a></strong><br />
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You can use the VALUES keyword to insert a single row or multiple rows into a table.</li>
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<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="rbafymultrow.htm">Insert rows into a table using a select-statement</a></strong><br />
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You can use a select-statement within an INSERT statement to insert zero, one, or more rows into a table from the result table of the select-statement.</li>
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<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="rbafyblkins.htm">Insert multiple rows in a table with the blocked INSERT statement</a></strong><br />
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A blocked INSERT statement can be used to insert multiple rows into a table with a single statement.</li>
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<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="rbafyrfinserting.htm">Insert data into tables with referential constraints</a></strong><br />
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There are some important things to remember when inserting data into tables with referential constraints.</li>
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<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="rbafyinsertidentity.htm">Insert values into an identity column</a></strong><br />
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You can insert a value into an identity column or allow the system to insert a value for you.</li>
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</ul>
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<div class="familylinks">
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<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="rbafydml.htm" title="Data manipulation language (DML) describes the portion of SQL that allows you to manipulate or control your data.">Data manipulation language</a></div>
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</div>
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<div class="relinfo"><strong>Related information</strong><br />
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<div><a href="../db2/rbafzmstbackup.htm">INSERT statement</a></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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