258 lines
8.7 KiB
HTML
258 lines
8.7 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content=
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"text/html; charset=utf-8">
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<title>pr - Print files</title>
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<LINK rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../rzahg/ic.css">
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</HEAD>
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<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
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<!-- Java sync-link -->
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<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="Javascript" SRC="../rzahg/synch.js" TYPE="text/javascript"></SCRIPT>
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<h2>pr - Print files</h2>
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<strong>Synopsis</strong>
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<p><strong>pr [+</strong><em>page</em><strong>]
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[-</strong><em>column</em><strong>] [-adFmrt] [-e</strong>
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[<em>char</em>][<em>gap</em>]<strong>] [-h</strong> <em>
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header</em><strong>]
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[-i[</strong><em>char</em>][<em>gap</em>]<strong>] [-l</strong>
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<em>line</em><strong>]
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[-n[</strong><em>char</em>][<em>width</em>]<strong>] [-o</strong>
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<em>offset</em><strong>] [-s</strong>[<em>char</em>]<strong>]
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[-w</strong> <em>width</em><strong>]</strong> [-] [<em>file</em>
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...]</p>
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<p><strong>Description</strong></p>
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<p>The <strong>pr</strong> utility is a printing and pagination
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filter for text files. When multiple input files are specified,
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each is read, formatted, and written to standard output. By
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default, the input is separated into 66-line pages, each with a
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5-line header with the page number, date, time, and the path name of
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the file and a 5-line trailer consisting of blank lines.
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If the LC_TIME environment
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variable is set, the date and time in the header is formatted using
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the format specified by the d_t_fmt keyword in the LC_TIME category
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of the specified locale.</p>
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<p>When multiple column output is specified, text columns are of
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equal width. By default text columns are separated by at least one
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<space>. Input lines that do not fit into a text column are
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truncated. Lines are not truncated under single column output.</p>
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<p>Error messages are written to standard error during the printing
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process (if output is redirected) or after all successful file
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printing is complete (when printing to a terminal).</p>
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<p>If <strong>pr</strong> receives an interrupt while printing to a
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terminal, it flushes all accumulated error messages to the screen
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before terminating.</p>
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<p><strong>Options</strong></p>
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<p><strong>Notes:</strong></p>
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<ol>
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<li>In the following option descriptions, <em>column</em>, <em>
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lines</em>, <em>offset</em>, <em>page</em>, and <em>width</em> are
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positive decimal integers and <em>gap</em> is a nonnegative decimal
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integer.</li>
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<li>The <strong>-s</strong> option does not allow the option letter
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to be separated from its argument.</li>
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<li>The <strong>-e</strong>, <strong>-i</strong>, and <strong>
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-n</strong> options require that both arguments, if present, not be
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separated from the option letter.</li>
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</ol>
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<dl>
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<dt><strong>+</strong><em>page</em></dt>
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<dd>Begin output at page number <em>page</em> of the formatted
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input.</dd>
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<dt><strong>-</strong><em>column</em></dt>
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<dd>Produce output that is <em>columns</em> wide (default is 1)
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that is written vertically down each column in the order in which
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the text is received from the input file. The options <strong>
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-e</strong> and <strong>-i</strong> are assumed. This option should
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not be used with the <strong>-m</strong> option. When used with the
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<strong>-t</strong> option the minimum number of lines is used to
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display the output.</dd>
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<dt><strong>-a</strong></dt>
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<dd>Modify the effect of the <strong>column</strong> option so that
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the columns are filled across the page in a round-robin order
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(for example, when column is 2, the first input line heads column 1, the
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second heads column 2, the third is the second line in column 1,
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and so on). This option requires the use of the <strong>column</strong>
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option.</dd>
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<dt><strong>-d</strong></dt>
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<dd>Produce output that is double spaced. An extra <newline>
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character is output following every <newline> found in the
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input.</dd>
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<dt><strong>-e</strong> [<em>char</em>][<em>gap</em>]</dt>
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<dd>Expand each input <tab> to the next greater column
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position specified by the formula n*<em>gap</em>+1, where <em>
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n</em> is an integer > 0. If <em>gap</em> is zero or is omitted
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the default is 8. All <tab> characters in the input are
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expanded into the appropriate number of <space>s . If any
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nondigit character, <em>char</em>, is specified, it is used as the
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input tab character.</dd>
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<dt><strong>-F</strong></dt>
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<dd>Use a <form-feed> character for new pages, instead of the
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default behavior that uses a sequence of <newline>
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characters.</dd>
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<dt><strong>-h</strong> <em>header</em></dt>
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<dd>Use the string <em>header</em> to replace the file name in the
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header line.</dd>
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<dt><strong>-i</strong> [<em>char</em>][<em>gap</em>]</dt>
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<dd>In output, replace multiple <space>s with <tab>s
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whenever two or more adjacent <space>s reach column positions
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<em>gap</em>+1, 2*<em>gap</em>+1, and so on. If <em>gap</em> is zero or
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omitted, default <tab> settings at every eighth column
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position is used. If any nondigit character, <em>char</em>, is
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specified, it is used as the output <tab> character.</dd>
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<dt><strong>-l</strong> <em>lines</em></dt>
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<dd>Override the 66 line default and reset the page length to <em>
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lines</em>. If <em>lines</em> is not greater than the sum of both
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the header and trailer depths (in lines), the <strong>pr</strong>
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utility suppresses output of both the header and trailer, as if the
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<strong>-t</strong> option were in effect.</dd>
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<dt><strong>-m</strong></dt>
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<dd>Merge the contents of multiple files. One line from each file
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specified by a file operand is written side by side into text
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columns of equal fixed widths, in terms of the number of column
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positions. The number of text columns depends on the number of file
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operands successfully opened. The maximum number of files merged
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depends on page width and the per process open file limit. The
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options <strong>-e</strong> and <strong>i</strong> are
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assumed.</dd>
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<dt><strong>-n</strong> [<em>char</em>][<em>width</em>]</dt>
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<dd>Provide <em>width</em> digit line numbering. The default for
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<em>width</em>, if not specified, is 5. The number occupies the
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first <em>width</em> column positions of each text column or each
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line of <strong>-m</strong> output. If <em>char</em> (any nondigit
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character) is given, it is appended to the line number to separate
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it from whatever follows. The default for <em>char</em> is a
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<tab>. Line numbers longer than <em>width</em> columns are
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truncated.</dd>
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<dt><strong>-o</strong> <em>offset</em></dt>
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<dd>Each line of output is preceded by <em>offset</em>
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<spaces>s. If this option is not specified, the default is
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zero. The space taken is in addition to the output line width.</dd>
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<dt><strong>-r</strong></dt>
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<dd>Write no diagnostic reports on failure to open a file.</dd>
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<dt><strong>-s</strong> <em>char</em></dt>
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<dd>Separate text columns by the single character <em>char</em>
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instead of by the appropriate number of <space>s (default for
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<em>char</em> is the <tab> character).</dd>
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<dt><strong>-t</strong></dt>
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<dd>Print neither the five-line identifying header nor the
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five-line trailer typically supplied for each page. Quit printing
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after the last line of each file without spacing to the end of the
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page.</dd>
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<dt><strong>-w</strong> <em>width</em></dt>
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<dd>Set the width of the line to <em>width</em> column positions
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for multiple text-column output only. If this option is not
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specified and the <strong>-s</strong> option is not specified, the
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default width is 72. If this option is not specified and the
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<strong>-s</strong> option is specified, the default width is
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512.</dd>
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</dl>
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<p><strong>Operands</strong></p>
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<p>Each <em>file</em> is a path name of a file to be printed. If no
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<em>file</em> operands are specified, or if a <em>file</em> operand
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is -, the standard input is used.</p>
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<p><strong>Environment Variables</strong></p>
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<p><strong>pr</strong> is affected by the following environment
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variables:</p>
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<dl>
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<dt><strong>LANG</strong></dt>
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<dd>Provides a default value for locale categories that are not specifically
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set with a variable starting with LC_.</dd>
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<dt><strong>LC_TIME</strong></dt>
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<dd>Defines the format of the date and time used in writing header lines.</dd>
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</dl>
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<p><strong>Exit Status</strong></p>
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<ul>
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<li>0 on success</li>
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<li>>0 if an error occurs</li>
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</ul>
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<p><strong>Related information</strong></p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="cat.htm">cat - Concatenate and print files</a></li>
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<li><a href="od.htm">od - Dump files in various formats</a></li>
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</ul>
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<p><strong>Examples</strong></p>
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<ol>
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<li>Print a file starting at page 3:
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<pre>
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pr +3 source.java
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</pre>
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</li>
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<li>Print every *.java file and change the header message:
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<pre>
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pr -h 'JDK source files and examples' code/*.java
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</pre>
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</li>
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</ol>
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</body>
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</html>
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