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176 lines
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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Dynamically adding disks to a Linux partition" />
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<meta name="abstract" content="Virtual devices simplify hardware configuration on the iSeries server because they do not require you to add additional physical devices to the server in order to run Linux." />
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<title>Dynamically adding disks to a Linux partition</title>
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<body id="rzalmdynamicallyaddingdisks"><a name="rzalmdynamicallyaddingdisks"><!-- --></a>
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<!-- Java sync-link --><script language="Javascript" src="../rzahg/synch.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
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<h1 class="topictitle1">Dynamically adding disks to a Linux partition</h1>
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<div><p>Virtual devices simplify hardware configuration on the iSeries™ server
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because they do not require you to add additional physical devices to the
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server in order to run Linux. </p>
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<div class="p">You can allocate up to 64 virtual disks to a Linux partition, with
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a maximum of twenty disks visible to Linux, depending on which distribution
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you use. Each disk supports up to 1000 GB of storage. Each virtual disk appears
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to Linux as a single physical unit. However, the associated space in the i5/OS<sup>®</sup> integrated
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file system is spread across all of the disk arms available on the iSeries server.
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This provides the benefits of RAID without the overhead of RAID support in
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the Linux kernel.<p>i5/OS provides the ability to dynamically add virtual
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disks to a Linux partition. You can allocate disk space in the integrated
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files system and make it available to Linux without restarting i5/OS or Linux.
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The Linux server administrator can also configure the newly allocated disk
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space and make it available, again without interrupting the server.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section">To dynamically add virtual disks to a Linux partition, do the following:</div>
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<ol><li class="stepexpand"><span>Create a disk drive using iSeries Navigator.</span><ol type="a"><li><span>Click <span class="menucascade"><span class="uicontrol">Network</span> > <span class="uicontrol">Windows
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Administration</span></span>.</span></li>
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<li><span>Right-click the <span class="uicontrol">Disk Drives</span> folder and
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click <span class="uicontrol">New Disk</span>.</span></li>
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<li><span>In the Disk drive name field, specify a disk drive name.</span></li>
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<li><span>In the Description field, specify a description of this disk.</span></li>
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<li><span>If you want to copy data from another disk, select <span class="uicontrol">Initialize
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disk with data from another disk</span>. Then specify the source disk
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to copy data from.</span></li>
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<li><span>In the Capacity field, specify the disk capacity.</span></li>
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<li><span>Click <span class="uicontrol">OK</span>.</span></li>
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</ol>
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</li>
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<li class="stepexpand"><span>Link a disk drive using iSeries Navigator.</span><ol type="a"><li><span>Click <span class="menucascade"><span class="uicontrol">Network</span> > <span class="uicontrol">Windows
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Administration</span> > <span class="uicontrol">Disk Drives</span></span>.</span></li>
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<li><span>Right-click an available disk drive and select <span class="uicontrol">Add
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Link</span>.</span></li>
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<li><span>Select the server that you want to link the disk to.</span></li>
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<li><span>Select one of the available link types and the link sequence
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position.</span></li>
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<li><span>Select one of the available data access types.</span></li>
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<li><span>Click <span class="uicontrol">OK</span>.</span></li>
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</ol>
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</li>
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<li class="stepexpand"><span>Determine the device name of the new disk. </span> As far as i5/OS is
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concerned, the space is available to the Linux partition. Now you need to
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run through a couple of steps within Linux to partition, format, and access
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the disk. The name depends on two factors:<ul><li>The distribution of Linux</li>
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<li>The number of disks currently allocated</li>
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</ul>
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<p> For example, with the SUSE distribution with a single disk allocated,
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the first disk device is known as <kbd class="userinput">/dev/hda</kbd>. The second
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disk (the newly allocated virtual disk) is known as <kbd class="userinput">/dev/hdb</kbd>.</p>
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</li>
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<li class="stepexpand"><span>Create partitions on the new disk with the fdisk command in Linux.</span> The fdisk command is a standard Linux command and is the same for all
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distributions. You must have superuser (also known as <dfn class="term">root</dfn>) privileges
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to execute this command.<ol type="a"><li><span>From the command line, type <kbd class="userinput">fdisk /dev/hdb</kbd> and
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press <span class="uicontrol">Enter</span>.</span></li>
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</ol>
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The command responds with the following prompt: <tt class="sysout">Command
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(m for help):</tt></li>
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<li class="stepexpand"><span>Type <span class="uicontrol">p</span> (for print) at the prompt to display
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the current partition table for the disk. </span> By default, a new virtual
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disk shows a single partition formatted as FAT16. For example, <pre>Disk /dev/hdb: 64 heads, 32 sectors, 200 cylinders
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Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 bytes
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Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
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/dev/hdb1 1 199 203760 6 FAT16</pre>
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</li>
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<li class="stepexpand"><span>Delete the partition.</span> The FAT16 partition is not required.
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You need to delete the current partition and then create a new one. <ol type="a"><li><span>To delete the partition, Type <span class="uicontrol">d</span> at the
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command prompt.</span></li>
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</ol>
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The fdisk command responds with the following prompt: <tt class="sysout">Partition
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number (1-4):</tt></li>
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<li class="stepexpand"><span>Enter the partition number (in this case, 1), and press <span class="uicontrol">Enter</span>. </span> The fdisk prompt returns a message indicating that the deletion was
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successful.</li>
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<li class="stepexpand"><span>Create a new partition.</span><ol type="a"><li class="substepexpand"><span>Type the command <span class="uicontrol">n</span> for a new partition.</span> The fdisk prompt returns the following:<pre>Command action
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E extended
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P primary partition (1-4)</pre>
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</li>
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<li class="substepexpand"><span>Type the command <span class="uicontrol">p</span> and press <span class="uicontrol">Enter</span>.</span> The fdisk prompt returns the following:<pre>Partition number (1-4):</pre>
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</li>
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<li class="substepexpand"><span>Since this is the first partition on the disk, enter <span class="uicontrol">1</span> and
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press <span class="uicontrol">Enter</span>. </span> The fdisk prompt returns the
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following:<pre>First cylinder (1-200, default 1):</pre>
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</li>
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<li class="substepexpand"><span>Type <span class="uicontrol">1</span> and press <span class="uicontrol">Enter</span>. </span> The fdisk prompt returns the following:<pre>Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-200, default 200):</pre>
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</li>
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<li class="substepexpand"><span>Type <span class="uicontrol">200</span> and press <span class="uicontrol">Enter</span>. </span> The fdisk prompt appears again, indicating that the partition
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creation was successful.<div class="note"><span class="notetitle">Note:</span> The type of the partition defaults to Linux.
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If you need a different disk type (like LVM, or Linux Extended), use the <span class="uicontrol">t</span> (for
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type) command to change the type of the partition.</div>
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</li>
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</ol>
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</li>
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<li class="stepexpand"><span>Type w (for write) to commit the changes and press <span class="uicontrol">Enter</span>.</span> Up until this point, you have made no changes to the disk structure.
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After you commit the changes, fdisk responds with the following diagnostic
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messages: <pre>The partition table has been altered!
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Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
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Syncing disks.</pre>
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</li>
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<li class="stepexpand"><span>Type <kbd class="userinput">mkfs</kbd> to format the new partition. </span> The mkfs command is a standard Linux command that should be available
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on each Linux distribution. There are a number of optional parameters for
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mkfs, but typically the defaults satisfy most disk uses. To format the partition
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created in the previous steps, enter the following command (again, as with
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the fdisk command, you need to be logged in as root to execute the mkfs command):<pre>mkfs /dev/hdb1</pre>
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<p>Remember
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that a single partition exists on the second disk. Hence the name /dev/hdb1
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(the hdb indicates that it is the second disk, and the 1 indicates that it
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is partition 1). The following diagnostic messages appear:</p>
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<pre>mke2fs 1.28 (31-Aug-2002)
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Fileserver label=
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OS type: Linux
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Block size=1024 (log=0)
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Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
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51200 inodes, 204784 blocks
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10239 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
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First data block=1
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25 block groups
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8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
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2048 inodes per group
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Superblock backkups stored on blocks:
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8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729
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Writing inode tables: done
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Writing superblocks and fileserver accounting information: done
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This fileserver will be automatically checked every 29 mounts or
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180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.</pre>
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</li>
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<li class="stepexpand"><span>Create a new directory. </span> Finally, within the Linux file
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tree, you need to create a directory that you can use to access the new file
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system. You also need to allocate the new fileserver to that point within
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the directory tree. To do this, we create a directory and mount the physical
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resource as follows:<ol type="a"><li><span>Type <kbd class="userinput">mkdir /mnt/data</kbd> and press <span class="uicontrol">Enter</span>.</span></li>
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<li><span>Type <kbd class="userinput">mount /dev/hdb1 /mnt/data</kbd> and press <span class="uicontrol">Enter</span>.</span></li>
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</ol>
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</li>
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<li class="stepexpand"><span>Add an entry. </span> You now have new virtual disk space available
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to the running Linux partition. To facilitate automatic mounting of the resource
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across Linux starts, add an entry to the <samp class="codeph">/etc/fstab</samp> file
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(this is the file that stores mount definitions). For this example, the entry
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in <samp class="codeph">/etc/fstab</samp> would appear as follows:<pre>/dev/hdb1 /mnt/data ext2 defaults 1 1</pre>
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</li>
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</ol>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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