481 lines
16 KiB
HTML
481 lines
16 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content=
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"text/html; charset=utf-8">
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<title>sed - Stream editor</title>
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<LINK rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../rzahg/ic.css">
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</HEAD>
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<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
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<!-- Java sync-link -->
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<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="Javascript" SRC="../rzahg/synch.js" TYPE="text/javascript"></SCRIPT>
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<h2>sed - Stream editor</h2>
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<p><strong>Synopsis</strong></p>
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<p><img src="delta.gif" alt="Start of change">
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<strong>sed [-an] [-C</strong> <em>ccsid</em> <strong>]</strong>
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<em>command file</em> ...</p>
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<p><strong>sed [-an] [-C</strong> <em>ccsid</em> <strong>] [-e</strong>
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<em>command</em><strong>] [-f</strong> <em>command_file</em><strong>]</strong>
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<em>file ...</em>
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<img src="deltaend.gif" alt="End of change"></p>
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<p><strong>Description</strong></p>
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<p>The <strong>sed</strong> utility reads the specified <em>
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files</em>, or the standard input if no files are specified,
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modifying the input as specified by a list of <em>commands</em>.
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The input is then written to the standard output.</p>
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<p>A single <em>command</em> may be specified as the first argument
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to <strong>sed</strong>. Multiple commands may be specified by
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using the <strong>-e</strong> or <strong>-f</strong> options. All
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commands are applied to the input in the order they are specified
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regardless of their origin.</p>
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<p><strong>Options</strong></p>
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<dl>
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<dt><strong>-a</strong></dt>
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<dd>By default, the files listed as parameters for the <strong>
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w</strong> functions are created (or truncated) before any
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processing begins. The <strong>-a</strong> option causes <strong>
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sed</strong> to delay opening each file until a command containing
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the related <strong>w</strong> function is applied to a line of
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input.</dd>
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<dt><img src="delta.gif" alt="Start of change"><strong>-C</strong> <em>ccsid</em></dt>
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<dd>Any files created by <strong>sed</strong> are created with the CCSID specified by
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<em>ccsid</em>. This option overrides the value of the QIBM_CCSID environment
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variable.<img src="deltaend.gif" alt="End of change"></dd>
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<dt><strong>-e</strong> <em>command</em></dt>
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<dd>Append the editing commands specified by the <em>command</em>
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argument to the list of commands.</dd>
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<dt><strong>-f</strong> <em>command_file</em></dt>
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<dd>Append the editing commands found in the file <em>
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command_file</em> to the list of commands. The editing commands
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should each be listed on a separate line.</dd>
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<dt><strong>-n</strong></dt>
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<dd>By default, each line of input is echoed to the standard output
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after all of the commands have been applied to it. The <strong>
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-n</strong> option suppresses this behavior.</dd>
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</dl>
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<p><strong>Operands</strong></p>
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<p>The form of a <strong>sed</strong> command is as follows:</p>
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<pre>
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[<em>address</em>[,<em>address</em>]]<em>function</em>[<em>arguments</em>]
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</pre>
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White space may be inserted before the first <em>address</em> and
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the <em>function</em> portions of the command.
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<p>Normally, <strong>sed</strong> cyclically copies a line of
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input, not including its terminating newline character, into a
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"pattern space", (unless there is something left after a <strong>
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D</strong> function), applies all of the commands with addresses
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that select that pattern space, copies the pattern space to the
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standard output, appending a newline, and deletes the pattern
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space.</p>
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<p>Some of the functions use a "hold space" to save all or part of
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the pattern space for subsequent retrieval.</p>
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<p><strong>Extended Description</strong></p>
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<p><strong><em>sed Addresses</em></strong></p>
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<p>An address is not required, but if specified must be:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>a number that counts input lines cumulatively across input
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files,</li>
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<li>a dollar ($) character that addresses the last line of input,
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or</li>
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<li>a context address which consists of a regular expression
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preceded and followed by a delimiter.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>A command line with no addresses selects every pattern
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space.</p>
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<p>A command line with one address selects all of the pattern
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spaces that match the address.</p>
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<p>A command line with two addresses selects the inclusive range
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from the first pattern space that matches the first address through
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the next pattern space that matches the second. If the second
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address is a number less than or equal to the line number first
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selected, only that line is selected. Starting at the first line
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following the selected range, <strong>sed</strong> starts looking
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again for the first address.</p>
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<p>Editing commands can be applied to non-selected pattern spaces
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by use of the exclamation character (!) function.</p>
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<p><strong><em>sed Regular Expressions</em></strong></p>
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<p><strong>sed</strong> regular expressions are basic regular
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expressions. In addition, <strong>sed</strong> has the following
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two additions to basic regular expressions:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>In a context address, any character other than a backslash (\)
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or newline character may be used to delimit the regular expression.
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Also, putting a backslash character before the delimiting character
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causes the character to be treated literally. For example, in the
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context address <em>\xabc\xdefx</em>, the regular expression
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delimiter is an <em>x</em> and the second <em>x</em> stands for
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itself, so that the regular expression is <em>abcxdef</em> .</li>
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<li>The escape sequence \n matches a newline character embedded in
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the pattern space. You can't, however, use a literal newline
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character in an address or in the substitute command.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>One special feature of <strong>sed</strong> regular expressions
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is that they can default to the last regular expression used. If a
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regular expression is empty, that is, just the delimiter characters are
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specified, the last regular expression encountered is used instead.
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The last regular expression is defined as the last regular
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expression used as part of an address or substitute command, and at
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run-time, not compile-time. For example, the command:</p>
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<pre>
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/abc/s//XXX/
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</pre>
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<p>will substitute XXX for the pattern abc.</p>
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<p><strong><em>sed Functions</em></strong></p>
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<p>In the following list of commands, the maximum number of
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permissible addresses for each command is indicated by
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[<em>0addr</em>], [<em>1addr</em>], or [<em>2addr</em>],
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representing zero, one, or two addresses.</p>
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<p>The argument <em>text</em> consists of one or more lines. To
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embed a newline in the text, precede it with a backslash. Other
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backslashes in <em>text</em> are deleted and the following
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character taken literally.</p>
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<p>The <strong>r</strong> and <strong>w</strong> functions take an
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optional <em>file</em> parameter, which should be separated from
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the function letter by white space. Each file given as an argument
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to <strong>sed</strong> is created (or its contents truncated)
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before any input processing begins.</p>
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<p>The <strong>b</strong>, <strong>r</strong>,<strong>s</strong>,
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<strong>
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t</strong>,<strong>w</strong>,<strong>y</strong>,<strong>!</strong>
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, and <strong>&</strong> functions all accept additional
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arguments. The following synopses indicate which arguments have to
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be separated from the function letters by white space
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characters.</p>
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<p>Two of the functions take a <em>function-list</em>. This is a
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list of <strong>sed</strong> functions separated by newlines, as
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follows:</p>
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<pre>
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{ function
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function
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...
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function
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}
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</pre>
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<p>The <strong>{</strong> can be preceded by white space and can be
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followed by white space. The function can be preceded by white
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space. The terminating <strong>}</strong> must be preceded by a
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newline or optional white space.</p>
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<dl>
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<dt><strong>[<em>2addr</em>] <em>function-list</em></strong></dt>
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<dd>Execute <em>function-list</em> only when the pattern space is
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selected.</dd>
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<dt><strong>[<em>1addr</em>]a\ <em>text</em></strong></dt>
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<dd>Write <em>text</em> to standard output immediately before each
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attempt to read a line of input, whether by executing the <strong>
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N</strong> function or by beginning a new cycle.</dd>
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<dt><strong>[<em>2addr</em>]b[<em>label</em>]</strong></dt>
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<dd>Branch to the <strong>&</strong> function with the
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specified <em>label</em>. If the <em>label</em> is not specified,
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branch to the end of the script.</dd>
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<dt><strong>[<em>2addr</em>]c\ <em>text</em></strong></dt>
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<dd>Delete the pattern space. With 0 or 1 address or at the end of
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a 2-address range, <em>text</em> is written to the standard
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output.</dd>
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<dt><strong>[<em>2addr</em>]d</strong></dt>
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<dd>Delete the pattern space and start the next cycle.</dd>
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<dt><strong>[<em>2addr</em>]D</strong></dt>
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<dd>Delete the initial segment of the pattern space through the
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first newline character and start the next cycle.</dd>
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<dt><strong>[<em>2addr</em>]g</strong></dt>
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<dd>Replace the contents of the pattern space with the contents of
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the hold space.</dd>
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<dt><strong>[<em>2addr</em>]G</strong></dt>
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<dd>Append a newline character followed by the contents of the hold
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space to the pattern space.</dd>
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<dt><strong>[<em>2addr</em>]h</strong></dt>
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<dd>Replace the contents of the hold space with the contents of the
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pattern space.</dd>
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<dt><strong>[<em>2addr</em>]H</strong></dt>
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<dd>Append a newline character followed by the contents of the
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pattern space to the hold space.</dd>
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<dt><strong>[<em>1addr</em>]i\ <em>text</em></strong></dt>
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<dd>Write <em>text</em> to the standard output.</dd>
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<dt><strong>[<em>2addr</em>]l</strong></dt>
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<dd>(The letter ell.) Write the pattern space to the standard
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output in a visually unambiguous form. This form is as follows:
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<ul>
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<li>backslash (\)</li>
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<li>alert (\a)</li>
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<li>form-feed (\f)</li>
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<li>newline (\n)</li>
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<li>carriage-return (\r)</li>
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<li>tab (\t)</li>
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<li>vertical tab (\v)</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Nonprintable characters are written as three-digit octal numbers
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(with a preceding backslash) for each byte in the character (most
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significant byte first). Long lines are folded, with the point of
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folding indicated by displaying a backslash followed by a newline.
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The end of each line is marked with a dollar sign ($).</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong>[<em>2addr</em>]n</strong></dt>
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<dd>Write the pattern space to the standard output if the default
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output has not been suppressed, and replace the pattern space with
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the next line of input.</dd>
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<dt><strong>[<em>2addr</em>]N</strong></dt>
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<dd>Append the next line of input to the pattern space, using an
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embedded newline character to separate the appended material from
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the original contents. Note that the current line number
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changes.</dd>
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<dt><strong>[<em>2addr</em>]p</strong></dt>
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<dd>Write the pattern space to standard output.</dd>
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<dt><strong>[<em>2addr</em>]P</strong></dt>
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<dd>Write the pattern space, up to the first newline character to
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the standard output.</dd>
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<dt><strong>[<em>1addr</em>]q</strong></dt>
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<dd>Branch to the end of the script and quit without starting a new
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cycle.</dd>
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<dt><strong>[<em>1addr</em>]r <em>file</em></strong></dt>
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<dd>Copy the contents of <em>file</em> to the standard output
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immediately before the next attempt to read a line of input. If
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<em>file</em> cannot be read for any reason, it is silently ignored
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and no error condition is set.</dd>
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<dt><strong>
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[<em>2addr</em>]s/<em>regular_expression</em>/<em>replacement</em>/<em>
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flags</em></strong></dt>
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<dd>Substitute the <em>replacement</em> string for the first
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instance of the <em>regular_expression</em> in the pattern space.
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Any character other than backslash or newline can be used instead
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of a slash to delimit the <em>regular_expression</em> and the <em>
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replacement</em>. Within the <em>regular_expression</em> and the
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<em>replacement</em>, the regular expression delimiter itself can
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be used as a literal character if it is preceded by a backslash.
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<p>An ampersand (&) appearing in the <em>replacement</em> is
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replaced by the string matching the regular expression. The special
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meaning of & in this context can be suppressed by preceding it
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by a backslash. The string \#, where # is a digit, is replaced by
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the text matched by the corresponding backreference expression.</p>
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<p>A line can be split by substituting a newline character into it.
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To specify a newline character in the replacement string, precede
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it with a backslash.</p>
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<p>The value of <em>flags</em> in the substitute function is zero
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or more of the following:</p>
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<dl>
|
||
|
|
<dt><strong>0 ... 9</strong></dt>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<dd>Make the substitution only for the N'th occurrence of the
|
||
|
|
regular expression in the pattern space.</dd>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<dt><strong>g</strong></dt>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<dd>Make the substitution for all non-overlapping matches of the
|
||
|
|
regular expression, not just the first one.</dd>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<dt><strong>p</strong></dt>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<dd>Write the pattern space to standard output if a replacement was
|
||
|
|
made. If the replacement string is identical to that which it
|
||
|
|
replaces, it is still considered to have been a replacement.</dd>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<dt><strong>w <em>file</em></strong></dt>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<dd>Append the pattern space to <em>file</em> if a replacement was
|
||
|
|
made. If the replacement string is identical to that which it
|
||
|
|
replaces, it is still considered to have been a replacement.</dd>
|
||
|
|
</dl>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<dt><strong>[<em>2addr</em>]t [<em>label</em>]</strong></dt>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<dd>Branch to the <strong>:</strong> function bearing the <em>
|
||
|
|
label</em> if any substitutions have been made since the most
|
||
|
|
recent reading of an input line or execution of a <strong>
|
||
|
|
t</strong> function. If no <em>label</em> is specified, branch to
|
||
|
|
the end of the script.</dd>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<dt><strong>[<em>2addr</em>]w <em>file</em></strong></dt>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<dd>Append the pattern space to the <em>file</em>.</dd>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<dt><strong>[<em>2addr</em>]x</strong></dt>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<dd>Swap the contents of the pattern and hold spaces.</dd>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<dt><strong>
|
||
|
|
[<em>2addr</em>]y/<em>string1</em>/<em>string2</em>/</strong></dt>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<dd>Replace all occurrences of characters in <em>string1</em> in
|
||
|
|
the pattern space with the corresponding characters from <em>
|
||
|
|
string2</em>. Any character other than a backslash or newline can
|
||
|
|
be used instead of a slash to delimit the strings. Within <em>
|
||
|
|
string1</em> and <em>string2</em>, a backslash followed by any
|
||
|
|
character other than a newline is that literal character, and a
|
||
|
|
<strong>/n</strong> is replaced by a newline character.</dd>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<dt><strong>[<em>2addr</em>]!<em>function</em></strong></dt>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<dt><strong>[<em>2addr</em>]!<em>function-list</em></strong></dt>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<dd>Apply the <em>function</em> or <em>function-list</em> only to
|
||
|
|
the lines that are <strong>not</strong> selected by the
|
||
|
|
address(es).</dd>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<dt><strong>[<em>0addr</em>]:<em>label</em></strong></dt>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<dd>This function does nothing; it bears a <em>label</em> to which
|
||
|
|
the <strong>b</strong> and <strong>t</strong> commands may
|
||
|
|
branch.</dd>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<dt><strong>[<em>1addr</em>]=</strong></dt>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<dd>Write the line number to the standard output followed by a
|
||
|
|
newline character.</dd>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<dt><strong>[<em>0addr</em>]</strong></dt>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<dd>Empty lines are ignored.</dd>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<dt><strong>[<em>0addr</em>]#</strong></dt>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<dd>The <strong>#</strong> and the remainder of the line are
|
||
|
|
ignored (treated as a comment), with the single exception that if
|
||
|
|
the first two characters in the file are <strong>#n</strong>, the
|
||
|
|
default output is suppressed. This is the same as specifying the -n
|
||
|
|
option on the command line.</dd>
|
||
|
|
</dl>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p><strong>Environment Variables</strong></p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p><strong>sed</strong> is affected by the following environment
|
||
|
|
variables:</p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<dl>
|
||
|
|
<dt><strong>QIBM_CCSID</strong></dt>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<dd>Any files created by <strong>sed</strong> are created with the CCSID specified by
|
||
|
|
the value of the environment variable.</dd>
|
||
|
|
</dl>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p><strong>Exit Status</strong></p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li>0 on success</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li>>0 if an error occurs</li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p><strong>Related information</strong></p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li><a href="cmp.htm">cmp - Compare two files</a></li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li><a href="sort.htm">sort - Sort, merge, or sequence check text
|
||
|
|
files</a></li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li><a href="split.htm">split - Split files into pieces</a></li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li><a href="uniq.htm">uniq - Report or filter out repeated lines
|
||
|
|
in a file</a></li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<!-- end ibmbody========================================================= -->
|
||
|
|
</body>
|
||
|
|
</html>
|
||
|
|
|