271 lines
7.1 KiB
HTML
271 lines
7.1 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content=
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"text/html; charset=utf-8">
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<title>grep - Search a file for a pattern</title>
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<LINK rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../rzahg/ic.css">
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</HEAD>
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<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
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<!-- Java sync-link -->
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<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="Javascript" SRC="../rzahg/synch.js" TYPE="text/javascript"></SCRIPT>
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<h2>grep - Search a file for a pattern</h2>
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<p><strong>Synopsis</strong></p>
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<p><strong>grep [-E|-F] [-c|-l|-q] [ -R [-H | -L | -P] ] [-ihnsvwxy]</strong> <strong>
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[-e</strong> <em>pattern_list</em><strong>] [-f</strong> <em>
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pattern_file</em><strong>]</strong> [<em>pattern</em>] [<em>file
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...</em>]</p>
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<p><strong>Description</strong></p>
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<p>The <strong>grep</strong> utility searches the given input <em>
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files</em> selecting lines which match one or more <em>
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patterns</em>. The type of patterns is controlled by the options
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specified. By default, a pattern matches an input line if any
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regular expression (RE) in the pattern matches the input line
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without its trailing newline. A null RE matches every line. Each
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input line that matches at least one of the patterns is written to
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the standard output.</p>
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<p>If <strong>-E</strong> and <strong>-F</strong> options are both
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specified, the last one specified is used.</p>
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<p><strong>Options</strong></p>
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<dl>
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<dt><strong>-E</strong></dt>
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<dd>Use Extended Regular Expressions (ERE).</dd>
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<dt><strong>-F</strong></dt>
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<dd>Do not recognize regular expressions.</dd>
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<dt><strong>-H</strong></dt>
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<dd>If the <strong>-R</strong> option is specified, symbolic links
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on the command line are followed. Symbolic links encountered in the
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tree traversal are not followed.</dd>
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<dt><strong>-L</strong></dt>
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<dd>If the <strong>-R</strong> option is specified, both symbolic
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links on the command line and symbolic links encountered in the
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tree traversal are followed.</dd>
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<dt><strong>-P</strong></dt>
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<dd>If the <strong>-R</strong> option is specified, no symbolic
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links are followed.</dd>
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<dt><strong>-R</strong></dt>
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<dd>If <em>file</em> designates a directory, <strong>grep</strong>
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searches each file in the entire subtree connected at
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that point.</dd>
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<dt><strong>-c</strong></dt>
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<dd>Only a count of selected lines is written to standard
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output.</dd>
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<dt><strong>-e</strong></dt>
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<dd><em>pattern_list</em> specifies one or more search patterns.
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Each pattern should be separated by a newline character.</dd>
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<dt><strong>-f</strong></dt>
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<dd><em>pattern_file</em> specifies a file containing search
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patterns. Each pattern should be separated by a newline
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character.</dd>
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<dt><strong>-h</strong></dt>
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<dd>Do not print filename headers.</dd>
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<dt><strong>-i</strong></dt>
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<dd>The case of letters is ignored in making comparisons. That is,
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upper and lower case are considered identical.</dd>
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<dt><strong>-l</strong></dt>
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<dd>Only the names of files containing selected lines are written
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to standard output. Pathnames are listed once per file searched. If
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the standard input is searched, the pathname "-" is written.</dd>
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<dt><strong>-n</strong></dt>
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<dd>Each output line is preceded by its relative line number in the
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file; each file starting at line 1. The line number counter is
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reset for each file processed. This option is ignored if the
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<strong>-c</strong>, <strong>-l</strong>, or <strong>-s</strong>
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options are specified.</dd>
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<dt><strong>-q</strong></dt>
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<dd>Quiet mode where no messages are printed. Only the exit status
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is returned.</dd>
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<dt><strong>-s</strong></dt>
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<dd>Suppress the error messages ordinarily written for nonexistent
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or unreadable files. Other messages are not suppressed.</dd>
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<dt><strong>-v</strong></dt>
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<dd>Selected lines are those not matching the specified
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patterns.</dd>
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<dt><strong>-w</strong></dt>
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<dd>The expression is searched for as a whole word (as if
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surrounded by "[[:<:]]" and "[[:>:]]").</dd>
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<dt><strong>-x</strong></dt>
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<dd>Match line if pattern is the <strong>only</strong> thing on the
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line. This option takes precedence over the <strong>-w</strong>
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option. If both are specified, the <strong>-w</strong> option is
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ignored.</dd>
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<dt><strong>-y</strong></dt>
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<dd>Ignore case (same as <strong>-i</strong>).</dd>
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</dl>
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<p><strong>Operands</strong></p>
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<p>Each <em>file</em> specifies the path to a text file. If no <em>file</em>
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operandss are specified, the standard input is used.</p>
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<p><strong>Exit Status</strong></p>
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<ul>
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<li>0 when one or more lines were selected.</li>
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<li>1 when no lines were selected.</li>
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<li>>1 when an error occurred.</li>
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</ul>
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<p><strong>Extended Regular Expressions (ERE)</strong></p>
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<p>The following characters are interpreted by grep:</p>
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<dl>
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<dt><strong>$</strong></dt>
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<dd>Align the match from the end of the line.</dd>
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<dt><strong>^</strong></dt>
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<dd>Align the match from the beginning of the line. (NOTE: This
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character may not work correctly from a 5250 terminal
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session.)</dd>
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<dt><strong>|</strong></dt>
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<dd>Add another pattern (see example below).</dd>
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<dt><strong>?</strong></dt>
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<dd>Match one or less sequential repetitions of the pattern.</dd>
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<dt><strong>+</strong></dt>
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<dd>Match one or more sequential repetitions of the pattern.</dd>
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<dt><strong>*</strong></dt>
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<dd>Match zero or more sequential repetitions of the pattern.</dd>
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<dt><strong>.</strong></dt>
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<dd>Match any single character.</dd>
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<dt><strong>[ ]</strong></dt>
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<dd>Match any single character or range of characters enclosed in
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the brackets.</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>Escape special characters which have meaning to <strong>
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grep</strong>, that is, the set of {$,.,^,[,],|,?,+,*,(,)}.</p>
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<p><strong>Related information</strong></p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="cut.htm">cut - Cut out selected fields of each line of
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a file</a></li>
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<li><a href="egrep.htm">egrep - Search a file for an extended
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regular expression pattern</a></li>
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<li><a href="fgrep.htm">fgrep - Search a file for a fixed string
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pattern</a></li>
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<li><a href="tr.htm">tr - translate characters</a></li>
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<li><a href="wc.htm">wc - Word, line and byte/character
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count</a></li>
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</ul>
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<p><strong>Examples</strong></p>
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<ol>
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<li>Find all occurrences of the word patricia in a file.
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<pre>
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grep patricia myfile
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</pre>
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</li>
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<li>Find all occurrences of the pattern ".Pp" at the beginning of a
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line. The single quotation marks assure the entire expression is evaluated
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by <strong>grep</strong> instead of by the shell. The carat (^)
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means from the beginning of a line.
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<pre>
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grep '^.Pp' myfile
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</pre>
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</li>
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<li>Find either 19, 20 or 25 in the file calendar.
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<pre>
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grep '19|20|25' calendar
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</pre>
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</li>
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<li>Find the total number of lines that matches a character in the
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range of "a" to "z".
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<pre>
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grep -c '[a-z]' reference/alphabet.text
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</pre>
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</li>
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<li>Display all lines that have a dollar sign ($) character in
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them. You must escape the dollar sign character so <strong>
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grep</strong> will not interpret the character. Also, display the
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line number as well as the line that contains the match.
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<pre>
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grep -n '\$' valid.file
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</pre>
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</li>
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</ol>
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<!-- end ibmbody========================================================= -->
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</body>
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</html>
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